Glenn, David (2008). Peacekeeper and Scholar Is Killed in War Zone. Chronicle of Higher Education, v54 n43 pA1 Jul. In the summer of 2003, the "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists" published an essay warning that the United States was on the verge of losing the peace. Dozens of similar arguments appeared that year, but this one, written by Michael V. Bhatia, a 26-year-old graduate student, was as devastating as any of them. In 2007, to the surprise of some of his friends, Mr. Bhatia joined one of the U.S. military's most visible efforts to fix its mistakes. In October he flew to Afghanistan to join the Human Terrain System, a controversial program that places social scientists in Army brigades. This article provides a profile of Michael V. Bhatia, a peacekeeper and scholar who was killed by a roadside bomb in eastern Afghanistan while participating in the Human Terrain program. Friends and colleagues are still trying to come to terms with Mr. Bhatia's death. At the age of 30, he had already published one book and completed work on another. He had several other projects in the works, and he… [Direct]

Hager, Emily (2009). War News Radio: Conflict Education through Student Journalism. Harvard Educational Review, v79 n1 p94-103 Spr. In this essay Emily Hager presents an example of conflict education through student journalism. War News Radio is a student-organized and student-produced program developed at Swarthmore College in which participants produce for a global audience nonpartisan weekly radio shows and podcasts focused on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Hager shares her experiences of reporting for and producing War News Radio and explains how these experiences have helped her learn skills, attain information, and develop responsibility while growing in her understanding of the complexity of and humanity behind armed conflict…. [Direct]

Jones, Adele M. E. (2007). Muslim and Western Influences on School Curriculum in Post-War Afghanistan. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, v27 n1 p27-40 Mar. In Afghanistan, education has largely been destroyed, partly in the name of Islam, by the wars fought on its behalf, or by different ethnic groups vying for control of this Islamic country. Similarly, curriculum has been used to promote political and/or religious viewpoints and to strengthen positions of power. War dominated the language of curriculum to such an extent that it became part of the discourse on Islam and education in Afghanistan. In what might be called post-conflict Afghanistan, the new Life Skills curriculum for primary schools promotes ideals of peace and social justice that are inherent in Islam, while being influenced by Western concepts of pluralism and civil society. This paper considers past sociopolitical influences on language and content of textbooks, and examines Islamic and civil society principles espoused in the new curriculum framework as reflected in the Life Skills curriculum. Finally, it considers the convergence of universal themes and Islamic… [Direct]

Floyd, Latosha; Phillips, Deborah A. (2013). Child Care and Other Support Programs. Future of Children, v23 n2 p79-97 Fall. The U.S. military has come to realize that providing reliable, high-quality child care for service members' children is a key component of combat readiness. As a result, the Department of Defense (DoD) has invested heavily in child care. The DoD now runs what is by far the nation's largest employer-sponsored child-care system, a sprawling network with nearly 23,000 workers that directly serves or subsidizes care for 200,000 children every day. Child-care options available to civilians typically pale in comparison, and the military's system, embedded in a broader web of family support services, is widely considered to be a model for the nation. The military's child-care success rests on four pillars, write Major Latosha Floyd and Deborah A. Phillips. The first is certification by the military itself, including unannounced inspections to check on safety, sanitation, and general compliance with DoD rules. The second is accreditation by nationally recognized agencies, such as the… [PDF]

Williamson, Kevin D. (2012). The New Leader of the Free World. Academic Questions, v25 n1 p105-113 Mar. On January 20, 2009, Dr. Manmohan Singh, the prime minister of India, became the leader of the free world. The free world's attention was focused elsewhere: Senator Barack Obama, who on that day became President Barack Obama, quietly abdicated the role now taken up by Dr. Singh, having run an election campaign premised upon the ever-present but never-quite-articulated proposal that the interests of the United States would be best served by such an abdication. Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, global jihad, global financial crisis, Europe declining, China rising: It was all too much for a country whose aging population was beginning to press heavily upon its finances and institutions, public and private, a situation attested to by the fact that Bill Clinton, once synonymous with youthful vigor (with an excess of youthful vigor) was by that time eligible to begin collecting Social Security benefits. India–poor, illiterate, violent, corrupt, backward, unstable, within living memory the… [Direct]

Novelli, Mario (2010). The New Geopolitics of Educational Aid: From Cold Wars to Holy Wars?. International Journal of Educational Development, v30 n5 p453-459 Sep. The paper explores shifts in the nature, volume, trajectory and content of aid to education in the wake of post-9/11 Western preoccupations with the rise of Islamic radicalism. The paper develops a framework for understanding the dynamics of how educational aid appears to be becoming increasingly politicized in strategic conflict and post-conflict countries. The approach links up with broader debates within the field of development studies on the "militarization of development" while attempting to shed light on the specificity of how "educational aid" becomes caught up in these processes. The paper argues that particularly in Iraq and Afghanistan educational aid is becoming submerged under the counterinsurgency strategy of the Western occupying forces with detrimental effects not only for long-term development progress but also for the personal security of development workers. (Contains 2 figures.)… [Direct]

Adair, Kathryn C.; Fredman, Steffany J.; Monson, Candice M. (2011). Implementing Cognitive-Behavioral Conjoint Therapy for PTSD with the Newest Generation of Veterans and Their Partners. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, v18 n1 p120-130 Feb. As the newest generation of veterans returns home from the fronts in Afghanistan and Iraq, increased attention is being paid to their postdeployment mental health adjustment as well as the interpersonal sequelae of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health conditions. The Department of Defense has begun to invest in relationship-enhancement programs to ease the burden on both service members and their families across the deployment cycle. However, when there is the presence of PTSD, a disorder-specific conjoint treatment may be needed to address both PTSD and associated relationship difficulties. Cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy (CBCT) for PTSD is a disorder-specific, manualized conjoint therapy designed to simultaneously improve PTSD symptoms and intimate relationship functioning. This article reviews knowledge on the association between PTSD and relationship problems in recently returned veterans and provides an overview of CBCT for PTSD. We then present a… [Direct]

Keane, Terence M. (2011). Responding to the Psychological Needs of OEF-OIF Military: A Commentary on Progress in Treatment Development. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, v18 n1 p144-148 Feb. America's involvement in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq (i.e., OEF-OIF) is entering its 9th year with casualties exceeding 5,000 American deaths and many times that number with serious physical injuries. Epidemiological surveys and mental health screening concurrent with service and at the point of discharge provide us with important information on the psychological status of those directly involved in the military action. Support to mental health professionals coming primarily from the Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the National Institutes of Health provided an important catalyst in the development of psychological treatments aimed specifically at the presenting problems of service men and women and their families. This special series highlights the impressive growth in treatments developed for OEF-OIF military and demonstrates the wide-ranging nature of the treatments that are now available for testing and use in assisting those most affected by… [Direct]

Alvi-Aziz, Hayat (2008). A Progress Report on Women's Education in Post-Taliban Afghanistan. International Journal of Lifelong Education, v27 n2 p169-178 Mar. This article examines the relative progress and major setbacks in the education of Afghan women from the end of the Taliban regime until the present, focusing on government and NGO reconstruction efforts. It is argued that these projects promote the agendas of the state and of NGOs over the needs of women and girls. The adversities arising from recent waves of violence affect the female population most acutely. Just when the education sector was making tentative progress, with some girls' schools being built and operating, the current security realities pose major hurdles to post-conflict reconstruction and rebuilding. This is the environment in which Afghan women continue to struggle against the misogynist and fanatically militant elements that have threatened any areas of progress within the rebuilding of the country. As such, security and a reorientation of state and NGO policies are essential preconditions for women's educational attainment…. [Direct]

van Tubergen, Frank (2010). Determinants of Second Language Proficiency among Refugees in the Netherlands. Social Forces, v89 n2 p515-534 Dec. Little is known about the language acquisition of refugees in Western countries. This study examines how pre- and post-migration characteristics of refugees are related to their second language proficiency. Data are from a survey of 3,500 refugees, who were born in Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, former Yugoslavia and Somalia, and who resided in the Netherlands. The analysis shows that speaking and reading skills are better among refugees who received more pre-migration schooling, who migrated from a major city, and who arrived in the host country at a younger age. Post-migration characteristics are also important. Language skills are better among refugees who only lived in a refugee reception center for a short while, who completed an integration course, who received post-migration education, who intend to stay in the host country, and who have fewer health problems. (Contains 4 notes and 3 tables.)… [Direct]

Carr, Coeli (2010). Soldiering on. Community College Journal, v81 n1 p28-32 Aug-Sep. As community colleges welcome an influx of veterans returning from combat in Iraq and Afghanistan, administrators must focus on helping these soldiers–many who are pursuing higher education for the first time–obtain the knowledge and skills necessary to thrive in a changing economy. The process starts the moment these men and women set foot on campus. Academic advisers and counselors are often the first to greet these students. It's their job to help returning soldiers understand their educational entitlements under the Post-9/11 GI Bill. That includes knowing how to help veterans translate professional experience into experiential college credit and taking advantage of the funding available to them. It also means providing access to support systems to deal with the lingering emotional and psychological effects of war. This article discusses how community colleges and universities' administrative commitment and targeted programs help returning veterans succeed in their educational… [Direct]

Antonides, Bradley J.; Danish, Steven J. (2009). What Counseling Psychologists Can Do to Help Returning Veterans. Counseling Psychologist, v37 n8 p1076-1089. The purpose of this article is to describe the needs of service members and their families who have fought or are fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan and who have sustained psychological and/or physical injuries and how counseling psychologists can help. The focus is twofold: (a) to help the reader better understand those who have served and how what counseling psychologists have to offer may be especially unique and valuable and (b) to describe several programs consistent with the traditions of counseling psychology that those at the Life Skills Center have developed. One program, F.R.E.E. 4 Vets, will be described in some detail. (Contains 2 notes.)… [Direct]

Catani, Claudia; Neuner, Frank; Schauer, Elisabeth (2008). Beyond Individual War Trauma: Domestic Violence against Children in Afghanistan and Sri Lanka. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, v34 n2 p165-176 Apr. To date, research on the psychosocial consequences of mass trauma resulting from war and organized violence on children has primarily focused on the individual as the unit of treatment and analysis with particular focus on mental disorders caused by traumatic stress. This body of research has stimulated the development of promising individual-level treatment approaches for addressing psychological trauma. In contrast, there is virtually no literature addressing the effects of mass trauma on the family and community systems. Research conducted in Sri Lanka and Afghanistan, two long-standing war-torn societies, found that in addition to multiple exposure to war or disaster-related traumatic events children also indicated high levels of exposure to family violence. These findings point to the need for conjoint family- and community-based programs of prevention and intervention that are specifically tailored for the context of the affected society. In particular, programs should take… [Direct]

Miller, Jenny; Premier, Jessica Aimee (2010). Preparing Pre-Service Teachers for Multicultural Classrooms. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, v35 n2 p35-48 Mar. Cultural diversity is evident throughout schools in Victoria, Australia. Many students are new arrivals from war-torn countries including Sudan, Afghanistan and Iraq. To what extent do teacher training courses in Victoria prepare pre-service teachers to cater for the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) students? This paper reports findings from a qualitative study on pre-service preparation for teaching CALD students in mainstream secondary schools. It investigated ways in which CALD student needs are addressed in secondary teaching courses in Victoria. Data included course outlines, questionnaires completed by forty-one final year pre-service teachers, and interviews with four final year pre-service teachers. Findings revealed that the majority of pre-service secondary teachers feel that their teacher education courses lack a focus on cultural and linguistic diversity in schools. Course content analysis supports this. Courses need to be updated to address the needs… [PDF]

Alvarez, Helen; Fear, Nicola T.; Greenberg, Neil; Hull, Lisa; Jones, Norman; Mulligan, Kathleen; Naumann, Ulrike; Wessely, Simon (2012). Postdeployment Battlemind Training for the U.K. Armed Forces: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, v80 n3 p331-341 Jun. Objective: Combat exposure can increase the risk of subsequent psychological ill-health in armed forces (AF) personnel. A U.S. postdeployment psycho-educational intervention, Battlemind, showed a beneficial effect on mental health in U.S. military personnel exposed to high combat levels. We evaluated the effectiveness of an anglicized version of postdeployment Battlemind. Method: Battlemind was adapted for the United Kingdom. The main amendments were to sections about carrying weapons, driving, and alcohol misuse. The anglicized Battlemind was compared with the U.K. standard postdeployment brief in a cluster randomized controlled trial. At baseline, 2,443 U.K. AF personnel returning from Afghanistan via Cyprus completed questionnaires about their combat experiences and mental health. Of these, 1,616 (66%) completed 6-month follow-up questionnaires. We used the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-C) to measure probable posttraumatic stress disorder and the General Health… [Direct]

Long, Kenneth (2008). No Good Wars: Teaching the History of Modern American Wars as a Means of Resisting Current Ones. College Teaching, v56 n2 p67-73 Spr. In the fall 2005 semester, the author designed a course in the history of America's modern wars hoping to encourage students to criticize and oppose the country's current aggressions in Afghanistan and Iraq. Surveys of student attitude change suggest that the course did promote criticism but did far less to facilitate student activism. The author concludes that instructors may need to model activism in addition to offering historical evidence…. [Direct]

Levin, Diane E.; Van Hoorn, Judith (2009). Out of Sight, Out of Mind. Or Is It? The Impact of the War on Children in the United States. Childhood Education, v85 n6 p342 Aug. The war in Afghanistan began in October 2001 and the war in Iraq began in March 2003. After each war started, discussions addressed how it might be affecting American children and how adults could talk to children about it. In this article, the authors discuss the impact of the war on children in the United States. The authors believe that the war is taking a toll on children in the United States–a bigger one than the general public or educators seem to be willing to acknowledge. The authors also believe that this denial has led to a failure to develop adequate strategies for trying to counteract the harm the war is causing children in the United States….

Zoepf, Katherine (2006). Progress and Pain in Afghanistan. Chronicle of Higher Education, v52 n21 pA44-A48 Jan. Academics in Afghanistan, with help from abroad, are struggling to repair the damage done to the country's higher-education system by decades of occupation, civil war, and fundamentalist Taliban rule. However, sporadic foreign aid, a lack of basic resources, and overwhelming demand leave plenty of room for improvement in the otherwise remarkable recovery of the country's universities…. [Direct]

Astor, Ron Avi; Benbenishty, Rami; De Pedro, Kris M. Tunac; Esqueda, Monica Christina; Estrada, Jose; Smith, Gabrielle R. Dejoie (2011). The Children of Military Service Members: Challenges, Supports, and Future Educational Research. Review of Educational Research, v81 n4 p566-618 Dec. The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have led to concerning psychological, behavioral, and academic outcomes for children in military families. Of the 1.2 million school-aged children of military service members, only 86,000 actually attend schools administered by the Department of Defense on military installations throughout the world. The remaining military children attend schools administered by civilian public schools, private schools, and other civilian-run educational agencies. At present, there is a knowledge gap in educational research regarding military-connected schools and students. Given the lack of educational research on military children, the primary objective of this review is to outline findings from noneducational disciplinary empirical literatures that are of direct relevance to schooling for educational researchers who want to conduct studies on military-connected schools and students. The authors reviewed studies on military children and their families that examined… [Direct]

Bartlett, Sue; Elias, Eileen; Lorenz, Laura; Rankin, Theresa; Weider, Katie (2011). Traumatic Brain Injury: Looking Back, Looking Forward. Exceptional Parent, v41 n2 p30-32 Feb. This article is the eighth of a multi-part series on traumatic brain injury (TBI). Historically, TBI has received limited national attention and support. However, since it is the signature injury of the military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, TBI has gained attention of elected officials, military leaders, policymakers, and the public. The past seven \Exceptional Parent\ articles have discussed and explained the medical aspects and daily life challenges faced by a child, teenager, young adult who incurs a TBI and the impact on the family. They explain the differences between mild, moderate and severe TBI. The continuum of rehabilitation (inpatient, community integration, & lifetime of care) is explained and how an individual proceeds through each stage to obtain his/her highest level of functioning. The articles review the different types of rehabilitation interventions and the important role of caregiving, the importance of immediate screening, as the earlier a TBI is identified… [Direct]

Dryden-Peterson, Sarah, Ed.; Mundy, Karen, Ed. (2011). Educating Children in Conflict Zones: Research, Policy, and Practice for Systemic Change–A Tribute to Jackie Kirk. International Perspectives on Education Reform Series. Teachers College Press Inspired by the work of the late Dr. Jacqueline Kirk, this book takes a penetrating look at the challenges of delivering quality education to the approximately 39 million out-of-school children around the world who live in situations affected by violent conflict. With chapters by leading researchers on education in war and other conflict zones, the volume provides a comprehensive and critical overview of the links between conflict and children's access to education, as well as a review of the policies and approaches taken by those offering international assistance in this area. Empirical case studies drawn from diverse contexts–Afghanistan, Sierra Leone, Rwanda, and Uganda (among others)–offer readers a deeper understanding of the educational needs of these children and the practical challenges to meeting these needs. This inspiring collection: (1) Extends the legacy of the work that Jacqueline Kirk passionately pursued in her lifetime; (2) Includes several pieces of Jackie's… [Direct]

Rycraft, Joan R.; Simmons, Catherine A. (2010). Ethical Challenges of Military Social Workers Serving in a Combat Zone. Social Work, v55 n1 p9-18. Often faced with ethical challenges that may appear extraordinary, military social workers comprise a distinctive subgroup of the social work profession. From the unique paradigms in which they practice their craft, obvious questions about how military social workers address the ethical challenges inherent to their wartime mission arise. Using a concept mapping design, this qualitative phenomenological study addresses some of the ethical challenges faced by 24 military social workers who were deployed during Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom (combat operations in Afghanistan). The results visually display approaches to dealing with the ethical concern of balancing the needs of the client and the needs of the military combat mission. Most participants reported that they used clinical judgment rather than moral reasoning when dealing with such situations. Other ethical concerns are also explored: confidentiality and privacy, conflicts with commanders, relationships… [Direct]

Achter, Paul (2010). Unruly Bodies: The Rhetorical Domestication of Twenty-First-Century Veterans of War. Quarterly Journal of Speech, v96 n1 p46-68 Feb. Veterans of wars in Afghanistan and Iraq with visually identifiable injuries possess "unruly" bodies that render the story of war in efficient, emotional terms. The injured veteran's explicit connection of war with injury motivates state and mainstream news discourse that domesticates veterans' bodies, managing representations of injured veterans through three dominant strategies. First, dominant discourses invoke veterans' bodies as metonymy of the nation-state at war–bodily well-being operates as a metonym for both the nation's health and for the condition of the war. Second, veterans are domesticated by strategic placement in contexts that regulate their range of movement, especially amputees, who are often framed as having already overcome any limitations imposed by their war injuries. Third, dominant visual discourse domesticates veterans' bodies by ascribing a strategic "telos" to them, shifting the meaning of the injuries away from their origins in state… [Direct]

Cohen, Andrea; Zinger, Lana (2010). Veterans Returning from War into the Classroom: How Can Colleges Be Better Prepared to Meet Their Needs. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, v3 n1 p39-52 Jan. Colleges throughout the country are bracing for a large influx of returning veterans over the next couple of years and the question is whether they can meet the needs of this population. There is a paucity of empirical literature on Iraqi and/or Afghan veterans' adjustment in the college arena and the factors that mitigate the attrition rate and facilitate success. This research offers a glimpse into the lives of the veterans returning into college life. An important implication of this research is to better inform educators, mental health professionals and administrators with regard to policy making, program development and restructuring efforts. A qualitative research design using structured interviews to obtain information about returning veterans from Afghanistan and/or Iraq was used in this study. This study discusses the many challenges that soldiers face when they return into the classroom. Experiencing symptoms of PTSD is an issue exacerbating the transition into student… [PDF]

Stewart, Susan Louise (2008). Beyond Borders: Reading "Other" Places in Children's Literature. Children's Literature in Education, v39 n2 p95-105 Jun. The author analyzes two texts, Gloria Whelan's "Homeless Bird" and Deborah Ellis's "Parvana's Journey", in an attempt to explain some of the problems and difficulties associated with those texts. The author examines Whelan's representations of India and finds troubling binaries associated with that text. In comparison, the author finds Ellis's depictions of Afghanistan more nuanced and complex. The author also discusses student reception of both texts and offers ways to problematize some of their reactions…. [Direct]

Dietz, A. Steven; Schroeder, Eric A. (2012). Integrating Critical Thinking in the U.S. Army: Decision Support Red Teams. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, n136 p29-40 Win. Perhaps now more than ever before the U.S. military is called on to perform tasks that are outside its normal/traditional purview. Recent wars–Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Iraq, for example–have demonstrated the need for the U.S. military to do more than find and defeat a clearly defined enemy. At all levels of the war theater (conflict area), the military is involved in assisting with security, facilitating governance, peacekeeping, and helping to establish the opportunity for economic stability. To address the broader issues facing the military, new programs have been introduced that allow commanders greater flexibility to better understand the operating space for which they are responsible. And many of these new programs bring with them a rise in educational opportunities unique to the military. The Department of Defense has developed several initiatives either to anticipate or to react to enemy actions. One of the more innovative concepts developed by the U.S. Army is the Decision… [Direct]

Kirk, Jackie; Winthrop, Rebecca (2006). Meeting EFA: Afghanistan Home-Based Schools. Case Study. Academy for Educational Development Years of conflict and instability have taken a heavy toll on education in Afghanistan. While the government rebuilds its public education system, formal schools fail to reach many of the country's children. Girls remain particularly underserved as a result of the looming effects of the Taliban's sanctions against educating women. Among the reasons why girls' access to education remains limited are: the significant distance from home to school, government schools tend to be dominated by male teachers, and cultural beliefs which undervalue girls' education. Nongovernmental organizations in Afghanistan are promoting community-based or home-based schooling as one approach to increasing education access, especially for girls. This case study examines the model and outcomes of the home-based schooling program developed and implemented by the International Rescue Committee in Afghanistan…. [PDF]

Boerner, Heather (2013). Credit Where Credit Is Due: Working with Our Service Members to Provide Credit for Experiential Learning. Community College Journal, v84 n1 p20-24 Aug-Sep. The awarding of prior learning credits for military students goes back to World War II, when the American Council on Education (ACE) first translated military training to college credit. Since then, the practice has expanded. More than 2,000 colleges and universities accept military training as a form of credit, explains Cathy Sandeen, ACE's vice president for education attainment and innovation. Two trends contribute to the appeal of experiential learning at community colleges colleges: (1) the federal government and the Obama administration have asked the nation's community colleges to double graduation rates by 2020, and (2) as the U.S. military draws down troop deployments in places such as Iraq and Afghanistan, millions of veterans are returning home. The majority of these veterans have access to G.I. Bill funds and a desire to translate the experiences and knowledge picked up during their military service into civilian degrees–and, for many, gainful employment. Colleges and… [Direct]

Bellafiore, Margaret (2012). From Combat to Campus. Academe, v98 n5 p33-36 Sep-Oct. Soldiers are returning from war to college. The number of veterans enrolled nationally is hard to find. Data from the National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics identify nearly 924,000 veterans as "total education program beneficiaries" for 2011. These statistics combine many categories, including dependents and survivors. The US Department of Veterans Affairs notes that veterans often use their benefits in more than one state, making it difficult to get a sum total of state statistics. The veterans are in the author's art classes. Teaching studio art courses has an advantage when it comes to revealing what is important to each student: personal expression is part of their work. As an artist, the author had done many oral-history-centered mixed-media exhibitions with sound in the past. She had asked people questions about a variety of topics and recorded their answers. It is a way for her to explore topics about which she is curious. In this article, the author… [Direct]

Andersen, Susan M.; Kooij, Christina S. (2007). Adult Literacy Education and Human Rights: A View from Afghanistan. Globalisation, Societies and Education, v5 n3 p315-331 Nov. In this article, we argue that adult literacy as part of international development is an issue of both human rights and women's rights. We explore this by presenting a case study of the effects of one innovative adult literacy program in Afghanistan that places men and women, as well as various ethnicities, together in the same classroom as couples, using principles that social psychological research has shown can reduce inter-group tension and interpersonal discord. We focus on interviews with the married couples taking part in this program. They learn to support each other's learning, and to treat each other with respect and kindness in spite of differences. These interviews indicated that they felt their newfound literacy skills had changed their daily lives, their view of themselves and their relationships with spouse, family and community, even nation. Since the vast majority of Afghans cannot read or write, the findings stand as a reminder that literacy education can have… [Direct]

McKernan, M. D. (1982). UNO's Afghanistan Collection. This paper explores the background history and sources of the Afghanistan collection at the University Library, University of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO). Credit for the impetus behind the development of the collection is given to Chris Jung, a former UNO geography/geology faculty member; Ronald Roskens, then UNO chancellor; and the Afghanistan Studies Association (ASA), a group of North American scholars. It is noted that the core Afghan collection was donated to UNO in 1974 by Arthur Paul, a former noted Afghan studies scholar. Also examined are the acquisition and processing of materials, the availability of those materials to users, and the collection's current status in relation to Afghanistan holdings in other North American libraries. Special emphasis is given to a description of the preparation of Pushto and Dari language materials for entry on the OCLC database. A brief discussion of future directions for the Afghan collection concludes the paper. (Author/ESR)…

Elias, Eileen; Scherer, Marcia J.; Trudel, Tina M. (2009). Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury: An Introduction. Exceptional Parent, v39 n11 p41-45 Nov. This article is the first of a multi-part series on traumatic brain injury (TBI). Historically, TBI has received very limited national public policy attention and support. However since it has become the signature injury of the military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, TBI has gained the attention of elected officials, military leaders, policymakers, and the public. This series is being published by the Traumatic Brain Injury-Resource Optimization Center (TBI-ROC) and its Advisory Group, which is facilitated by JBS International, Inc. The TBI-ROC aims to be a recognized source and leader for advancing national attention to the myriad of policy, research, practice, and service needs supporting both civilian and military individuals who incur TBI and their families. In this article, the authors provide a definition of TBI and describe its causes and symptoms…. [Direct]

Morris, John C.; Williams, Andrew P. (2009). The Development of Theory-Driven Evaluation in the Military: Theory on the Front Line. American Journal of Evaluation, v30 n1 p62-79. The use of theory-driven evaluation is an emerging practice in the military–an aspect generally unknown in the civilian evaluation community. First developed during the 1991 Gulf War and applied in both the Balkans and Afghanistan, these techniques are now being examined in the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) as a means to evaluate the effects of military operations in complex, asymmetric conflict environments. In spite of these practices, theory-driven evaluation in the military is still in the developmental stages. This article traces the development to date of theory-driven evaluation in NATO and assesses its strengths and weaknesses in the military context. We conclude that a cross-pollination of ideas between military and civilian evaluators is urgently needed to improve the quality and effectiveness of military evaluation. (Contains 1 table and 11 notes.)… [Direct]

Downing, John D. H. (1988). Trouble in the Backyard: Soviet Media Reporting on the Afghanistan Conflict. Journal of Communication, v38 n2 p5-32 Spr. Presents a qualitative analysis of Soviet media coverage of Afghanistan from 1979 to 1986, showing that several familiar themes, from unpopular guerrillas to national security, are used to justify the Soviet presence in Afghanistan. Compares Soviet press coverage of Afghanistan with U.S. coverage of El Salvador, revealing several parallels. (ARH)…

Lemos, Fernando Fuentes, Jr. (2013). Evaluating GPA and Satisfaction Rates for Veteran Populations Transitioning from Combat to College Classrooms. ProQuest LLC, Ed.D. Dissertation, Texas A&M University – Commerce. Nationwide, colleges and universities are bracing for an influx of military veterans returning to their hometowns after having served their country, many after serving in combat operations. Regional universities have long prepared for this anticipated increase in college attendance by men and women who have served the country during times of war. Iraq and Afghanistan era veterans are "coming home" at rates not seen since the post-Vietnam era. This movement is significant as research suggests that some veterans pursue higher education as a way to reestablish a sense of self after separation from the military. Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) are returning from war theatres and seeking the same access to education as previous veterans, only today's veterans have more benefits than their predecessors did. Over the next couple of years, tens of thousands of veterans will return home, and some will return with the expectation of… [Direct]

Dell, Thomas Francis (2013). A Descriptive Study of Students with Disabilities at Montana State University Billings. ProQuest LLC, Ed.D. Dissertation, Montana State University. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze how the characteristics of age, major and type of disabilities for students who received services through Disability Support Services at Montana State University-Billings have changed from 1999 to 2011. Furthermore, this analysis contrasted local trends for types of disabilities with national trends. Additionally, there was an analysis of how local and national trends may have been impacted by five recent watershed events. The five events include the No Child Left Behind Act; the Higher Education Opportunity Act; the Americans with Disabilities Amendment Act; the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 (Post-9/11 GI Bill) and Iraq and Afghanistan wars. The results of this study revealed that non-traditional age students are the majority of students with disabilities at MSU-Billings. Additionally, they are enrolled in proportionally larger numbers than their nondisabled peer age group, which is consistent with… [Direct]

Hannah, Norman B. (1979). Afghanistan: The Great Gamble. Asian Affairs: An American Review, v6 n3 p187-95 Jan-Feb. Presents an interpretation of Afghanistan's political stance with regard to Pakistan's political overtures, and the Soviet Union's political and economic involvement in Afghanistan's national affairs. Journal availability: see SO 507 176. (Author/DB)…

Prendergast, Monica (2010). Reflective Praxis through Narrative and Poetry: Performing \Peace Mum\. Research in Drama Education, v15 n1 p79-87 Feb. In the autumn of 2007 and spring of 2008 the author performed an adapted version of Dario Fo and Franca Rame's one-woman play \Peace Mom\ (retitled for Canadian audiences as \Peace Mum\) about American mother and peace activist Cindy Sheehan. The play was performed for University of Victoria Applied Theatre students and also in a number of Victoria area high schools. One of those schools was the Pearson College of the Pacific, an international pre-university programme sponsored by the Canadian federal government. Pearson provides scholarships to students from 100 countries, and the evening the author performed \Peace Mum\ to this unbelievably diverse audience–including students from Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Israel and many other war-torn countries–was a remarkable experience. The author had been holding the experience of what had happened in her talkbacks of \Peace Mum\ in a very reflective way since the production. In this article, the author offers this narrative and two poems as… [Direct]

(2002). Afghanistan Children in Crisis. This report provides information on the well-being of children in Afghanistan, details the work of the Save the Children organization in helping Afghan children and families, and discusses what is currently needed to meet the urgent health and safety needs of Afghan children. It is noted that 25 percent of children die before their fifth birthday, only 10 percent of pregnant women receive maternal health care, 20 percent of children are born in a refugee camp, and only 3 percent of girls and 39 percent of boys are enrolled in school. The report provides information on Save the Children's efforts in Afghanistan related to: (1) providing food for families; (2) improving the health of mothers and children; (3) educating children; (4) keeping children out of harm's way; (5) helping children cope emotionally; and (6) increasing economic self-sufficiency. The immediate needs of the children of Afghanistan are delineated. The report asserts that the protection, survival, and future… [PDF]

Meyer, Richard J. (1978). Afghanistan: Transition to Television. Public Telecommunications Review, 6, 1, 44-7, Jan-Feb 78. Radio Afghanistan's broadcasting situation and the futures of both radio and TV broadcasting are discussed. (RAO)…

Palka, Eugene J., Ed. (2001). Afghanistan: A Regional Geography. Afghanistan and its people are not well known or understood by the United States, yet many U.S. people now consider the U.S. and Afghanistan to be at war. How is it possible to know the enemy? This book offers a complete, but not exhaustive source of information about Afghanistan, the land and its people. The book is intended as a guide for anyone wanting to know more about Afghanistan, and as a resource with references to detailed descriptions of the many physical and human sub-disciplines of geography. An approach to doing geography, the regional method is best described as a synthesis of all the pertinent subfields of the discipline applied to a specific region. Following a "Foreword" (Wendell C. King), chapters in the book are: (1) "Introduction" (Eugene J. Palka); (2)"Location" (Wiley C. Thompson); (3) "Geomorpholgy" (Matthew R. Sampson); (4) "Climatology" (Richard P. R. Pannell); (5) "Biogeography" (Peter G. Anderson);… [PDF]

Whittemore, Richard (1980). An American Teacher in Afghanistan. Social Education, v44 n3 p202-06 Mar. Recounts experiences of an American teacher in Afghanistan from 1973-1975. Topics discussed include culture shock, adjustment to a foreign culture, Afghan history and culture, archaeological ruins, Islamic culture, economic and educational development, and Afghanistan's role in the modern world. (DB)…

Duss, Leslie Smith; Joseph, Pamela Bolotin (2009). Teaching a Pedagogy of Peace: A Study of Peace Educators in United States Schools in the Aftermath of September 11. Journal of Peace Education, v6 n2 p189-207 Sep. This qualitative study, based on in-depth semi-structured interviews, depicts practices of seven peace educators in public elementary and secondary classrooms in the United States during the time of the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 through the US engagement in war in Afghanistan and Iraq. Focusing on individual perceptions of practice and classroom experiences, the participants described how, despite teaching at a time in which terrorism and war had become national preoccupations, they taught a pedagogy of peace that included recognition and rejection of violence, understanding of differences through dialogue, critical awareness of injustice and social justice, and imaginative understanding of peace. The study discloses a multitude of examples of both peacemaking and peacebuilding in their teaching and development of classroom cultures but a lack of emphasis on anti-war curriculum. It also reveals the teachers' motivations for teaching peace education, theoretical… [Direct]

Smith, Harvey H.; And Others (1969). Area Handbook for Afghanistan. This handbook is one of a series prepared by Foreign Area Studies (FAS) of The American University as a convenient compilation of basic fact for American military and other personnel overseas. It deals with the political, social, economic, and military developments since 1959, which have contributed to Afghanistan's continuing national stability and its gradual progress toward becoming an increasingly modern state. (Author/FWB)…

Goldstein, Evan R. (2008). Diggins on Obama and McCain. Chronicle of Higher Education, v55 n11 pB10 Nov. In this article, the author provides the contentions of intellectual historian John Patrick Diggins on the November 2008 elections and the presidential leadership. Diggins observed that \all people spoke about was winning the elections, and no one seemed to be concerned with the problems of the future.\ Diggins also expressed how he was skeptical of the view that more troops should be added to the fight in Afghanistan. He marveled at how divisive social issues–gay marriage, abortion, race–have taken a back seat to economic concerns. Lastly, he talked about the distinctions between John McCain's and Barack Obama's beliefs on certain issues…. [Direct]

(1972). Country Education Profiles: Afghanistan. This profile on Afghanistan is the first in a series of profiles prepared by the Cooperative Education Abstracting Service (CEAS) to be issued in alphabetical order over a two year period. The collected profiles will constitute a concise guide to national education systems throughout the world and will provide points of reference from which to study CEAS abstracts of national policy documents pertaining to any particular country. Each country Education Profile, consisting of approximately 9 to 15 pages, will have three main components: a descriptive text, essential statistics, and organizational diagrams. The brief profile on Afghanistan provides basic background information on educational principles of administration, structure and organization, curricula, and teacher training. Statistics provided by the Unesco Office of Statistics show enrollment at all levels, from preprimary to adult; number of teachers; population by age groups; public expenditure on education; educational… [PDF]

Johnson, Teresa (2009). Ensuring the Success of Deploying Students: A Campus View. New Directions for Student Services, n126 p55-60 Sum. Disruption of educational pursuits due to orders for military activation is inconvenient and discouraging to students who are soldiers. Deployment was an issue at institutions of higher education during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm in 1990 and 1991 and during the peace-keeping mission in Bosnia in 1996. Four weeks after the attacks of September 11, 2001, Operation Enduring Freedom began and student soldiers again faced the possibility that they would be deployed for active military duty. Operation Iraqi Freedom followed in March 2003. This chapter details the experiences at Appalachian State University and the attempts there to assist students through the disruptions that resulted from deployments to active duty. The lessons learned by campus personnel at Appalachian State University as they worked to meet the needs of student soldiers who were deployed during earlier conflicts provided a framework for programs and policies when students were deployed to Iraq and… [Direct]

Harvey, John F. (1968). Pakistan and Afghanistan Librarianship. In March and April 1968, the author was a guest of the U.S. Information Service on a two week trip to Pakistan and Afghanistan. During this stay, 30 libraries in five cities were visited. This paper describes this trip and relates the library happenings in these countries. It was obvious that Pakistan librarianship had advanced beyond the profession in either Iran or Afghanistan. There were many more librarians, more of them capable, more curiosity about foreign ideas, more concern for the present, larger book collections, larger buildings, more library schools, more active library associations, and more library publication. Yet all of this development has occurred in university and special libraries, not in school or public libraries, typical of Southwest Asia. And the picture seemed to be standing still or else moving ahead very slowly, as if the librarians had been trained before the nation was ready to support them. There seemed to be no evidence of a surge forward in public… [PDF]

O'Bannon, George W. (1976). Project Afghanistan: From Experiment to Certainty. International Educational and Cultural Exchange, 11, 3, 13, W 76. Begun in 1972 as a joint cultural exchange program of the University of Pittsburgh and the U. S. Department of State, Project Afghanistan has been in operation for four years and has included 31 American and 17 Afghanistan students. A project director describes the program. (JT)…

Beardslee, William; Duan, Naihua; Glover, Dorie; Knauss, Larry; Lester, Patricia; Mogil, Catherine; Peterson, Kris; Pynoos, Robert; Reeves, James; Saltzman, William; Wilt, Katherine (2010). The Long War and Parental Combat Deployment: Effects on Military Children and At-Home Spouses. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, v49 n4 p310-320 Apr. Objective: Given the growing number of military service members with families and the multiple combat deployments characterizing current war time duties, the impact of deployments on military children requires clarification. Behavioral and emotional adjustment problems were examined in children (aged 6 through 12) of an active duty Army or Marine Corps parent currently deployed (CD) or recently returned (RR) from Afghanistan or Iraq. Method: Children (N = 272) and their at-home civilian (AHC) (N = 163) and/or recently returned active duty (AD) parent (N = 65) were interviewed. Child adjustment outcomes were examined in relation to parental psychological distress and months of combat deployment (of the AD) using mixed effects linear models. Results: Parental distress (AHC and AD) and cumulative length of parental combat-related deployments during the child's lifetime independently predicted increased child depression and externalizing symptoms. Although behavioral adjustment and… [Direct]

Adamec, Ludwig W., Ed. (1972). Historical and Political Gazeteer of Afghanistan. Volume 1, Badakhshan Province and Northeastern Afghanistan. Combining the most important geographical data with historical, political, and cultural information, this work, one of six volumes designed as a tool of research and a general reference source, updates and includes a previous publication compiled in 1914 with corrections and additions of maps and considerable new material to take into account developments up to 1970. Entries which refer specifically to the situation in 1970 are identified by asterisks. About one thousand entries in alphabetical order, from Ab, Ab Barik to Zulifikar and Zur with longitudes and latitudes to facilitate identification in the 52-page map section, give a detailed summary of the people and territory of northeastern Afghanistan. An appendix lists English translations for the most common geographical terms. (Author)…

Huszonek, John J.; Scaturo, Douglas J. (2009). Collaborative Academic Training of Psychiatrists and Psychologists in VA and Medical School Settings. Academic Psychiatry, v33 n1 p4-12 Jan-Feb. Objective: The authors review the background and contemporary strengths of Dean's Committee Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in the collaborative academic training of psychiatrists and psychologists. Methods: The authors discuss the problems and prospects of the current health care environment as it impacts the behavioral health treatment of returning veterans from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and the educational agenda for psychiatry and psychology. The medical education program in psychiatry and the internship program in psychology at the Syracuse Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the SUNY Upstate Medical University provide an exemplar of academic collaboration in clinical training. Results: Within this combined educational environment, opportunities and challenges abound for interns and residents to receive advanced training in the state-of-the-art assessment and treatment of disorders related to psychological trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, sexual trauma, traumatic… [Direct]

Bridgeland, John Marshall; Yonkman, Mary McNaught (2009). All Volunteer Force: From Military to Civilian Service. Civic Enterprises The central message of this report is that a new generation of veterans is returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan without sufficient connections to communities, is enthusiastic to serve again, and points the way forward for how our nation can better integrate them into civilian life. Although the 1.8 million veterans are from every corner of our nation, they are strongly united in their perspectives regarding civic responsibilities and opportunities as they return home. What's more, the findings show that Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)/Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) veterans are underutilized assets in our communities, and their continued service is likely to improve their transition home. The authors believe there is significant potential to increase volunteering and civic engagement among this generation of veterans. This report is based on the first-ever nationally representative survey of OIF/OEF veterans and aims to elevate their voices and share perspectives on their civic… [PDF]

Harrison, Judy; Vannest, Kimberly J. (2008). Educators Supporting Families in Times of Crisis: Military Reserve Deployments. Preventing School Failure, v52 n4 p17-23 Sum. With the large number of National Guard members and reservists being deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan, public educators find themselves endeavoring to support the emotional and academic needs of military children and their families. Military children may exhibit behavioral and emotional difficulties during these deployments. Educator awareness of the factors impacting the adjustment and resiliency of deployed reservists' children, their unique needs, and academic, emotional, and behavioral supports can ensure these children's educational success. In this article, the authors discuss issues of needs, recommend supports, and provide resources for educators. They also present examples of schoolwide, teacher-focused, student-focused, and family-focused supports and describe activities that educators can incorporate into specific instructional areas. (Contains 1 figure and 2 tables.)… [Direct]

Spink, Jeaniene (2005). Education and Politics in Afghanistan: The Importance of an Education System in Peacebuilding and Reconstruction. Journal of Peace Education, v2 n2 p195-207 Sep. Afghanistan has a long history of social unrest and ethnic conflict, and the manipulation of the education system by internal and external powers for political purposes has been one of the major contributors to these divisions. As Afghanistan attempts to build peace and maintain co-existence after more than 20 years of violence, there continues to be limited attention given to one of the main contributors to the social divisions. More than four million children returned to school in the first two years of "peace" in Afghanistan. Hundreds of millions of dollars were spent by the United Nations and other international donors on ensuring the physical provision of schools for children. However in 2005, three years into "the new era for Afghanistan", teachers continue to teach ethnic hatred and intolerance. The textbooks continue to be highly politicised, promoting social divisions and violence, seemingly unnoticed by the International Community, whose expensive… [Direct]

Reid-Smith, Edward R. (1974). Library Development in Afghanistan. Unesco Bulletin for Libraries, 28, 1, 17-21, Jan-Feb 74. Within the context of general national problems, the author details some of the groups concerned with educational development, particularly Unesco. An account is given of the various libraries existing in the country, and suggestions are made for assisting future growth. (Author/JB)…

Hayward, Fred M. (2008). Strategic Planning for Higher Education in Developing Countries: Challenges and Lessons. Planning for Higher Education, v36 n3 p5-21. The study presented in this article focuses on strategic planning in developing countries, drawing on the author's experiences in a dozen developing countries in Asia and Africa and focus groups in three of those countries: Afghanistan, Madagascar, and South Africa. It looks at the special challenges faced by planners in developing countries and the strategies used to respond. The enormity of the problems, the magnitude of the needs, and the difficult economic environment found in developing countries posed major obstacles. What is striking in a review of these cases is what can be done through careful strategic and budget planning. The creativity, resilience, and genius of many of those involved were remarkable. For most of these nations, strategic planning was a critical catalyst for change. (Contains 12 notes.)… [Direct]

Dicum, Julia (2008). Learning, War, and Emergencies: A Study of the Learner's Perspective. Comparative Education Review, v52 n4 p619-638 Nov. This article contributes to the understanding of children's perspectives by summarizing and comparing the thematic results of oral histories of Eastern European and German survivors of World War II and Afghan survivors of the post-1979 Afghanistan armed conflict. Twenty-seven participants in this study shared their memories of learning during each of these wars prior to and immediately after migration to countries of their first asylum. The overarching goal was to generate a historical text against which deeper comparisons on the nature of learning during war and conflict can be made. In this article, the author summarizes the five major themes reflected in the oral histories, discusses their importance to the curriculum as experienced by the participants, and relates these experiences to international policy discourse. (Contains 11 footnotes.)… [Direct]

Sitzes, Janice Dawn (2015). Enabling Persistence of Veteran Students at North Carolina Community Colleges through Institutional Support Programs and Policies. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, North Carolina State University. Over two million service men and women, returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, will take advantage of the educational benefits of the Post-9/11 GI Bill and will enroll in community colleges. Despite over 70 years of education benefits for U.S. veterans, there has been little research into the availability and effectiveness of institutional support programs and policies on U.S. college campuses, especially at the community college level which historically has had attrition challenges. This study examined the relationship between institutional support mechanisms and veteran student persistence at North Carolina community colleges. This non-experimental research used a cross-sectional predictive design that utilized two sets of surveys to gather information from college administrators and veteran students. Twenty-five of the 58 North Carolina community colleges agreed to participate in the study. Administrators from 13 of the participating colleges completed surveys. Seventeen… [Direct]

Alimi, M. Zaher; Mayerson, Paul S. (1976). Developing a Language Curriculum in Afghanistan. This paper outlines ways in which Afghanistan is modernizing its elementary language arts curriculum, changing from the traditional curriculum which stressed rote memorization of academic materials to an approach which encourages active inquiry and problem solving. Initial sections of the paper present background information on Afghanistan and its people and on educational trends in the nation's history. The paper then outlines current goals and objectives in developing language arts curricula and instructional materials, notes the scope and sequence of the language arts program, and describes procedures used in preparing language arts textbooks. Special attention is given to outlining ways in which pupils are taught the two official Afghan languages, Dari and Pashto. The authors present current methodologies for helping pupils to study their first language, then to learn the second official language, and finally to learn a foreign language, usually English. The paper tells how…

Metcalfe, Yovhane L. (2012). A Logistic Regression and Discriminant Function Analysis of Enrollment Characteristics of Student Veterans with and without Disabilities. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, Virginia Commonwealth University. The postsecondary enrollment of student veterans has increased with the troop draw down in Iraq and Afghanistan as well as the generous amendments made to the Post 9/11 GI Bill. Acquired disabilities remain a reality for this population as they transition into the civilian world; consequently, previous literature cites the role of disabilities amongst student veterans. Also, prior research often aggregates these two groups without a thorough understanding of the ways in which they differ. This study compared student veterans with disabilities to student veterans without disabilities in order to understand the enrollment and demographic factors on which they differed, if any. Using a secondary data analysis of the 2007-2008 National Postsecondary Student Aid Survey, univariate tests of significance, a logistic regression, and a discriminant function analysis examined the relationship between disability status and seven predictor variables: age, gender, GPA, major, risk index, degree… [Direct]

Haga, Kazu (2012). Chicago's Peace Warriors. Rethinking Schools, v26 n2 p33-37 Win 2011-2012. In 2009, Chicago witnessed 458 murders–more than the number of U.S. soldiers killed in Iraq or Afghanistan. Many of those killings involved teenagers. Kingian Nonviolence is a training curriculum developed out of the teachings of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. by two of his close allies, Bernard Lafayette Jr. and David Jehnsen. Used in schools, prisons, and communities around the world, it provides a framework to understand conflict and violence, and teaches communities a way to build peace. King believed that nonviolence is not a passive, but a proactive force that can defeat violence and injustice. It is not about teaching people to turn the other cheek, but about teaching people how to confront the forces of violence and injustice in their lives and create a real, lasting peace. It is, as King put it, "the antidote to violence." Tiffany Childress, science teacher and civic engagement director at Chicago's North Lawndale College Preparatory High, saw right away how this… [Direct]

Conde, Carlos D. (2006). Latino Soldiering: The Red, White, and Brown. Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, v72 n3 p19-21 Nov. U.S. Latinos–particularly Mexican-Americans and Puerto Ricans–are known as exemplary soldiers. The record shows they have always answered the call to duty proudly and willingly no matter the cause or the burden. That is why they have won so many Congressional Medals of Honor. There are currently about 85,000 Hispanics on active military duty. Many are serving in Iraq and Afghanistan and taking their share of casualties. Latinos take a lot of pride in who they are, and the tradition of the Latino soldier has always been one of their proudest assets. Some in the Latino community might disagree with the merits of the Iraqi War and the military occupation in Afghanistan, but they can never disagree with the commitment of their soldiers…. [Direct]

Jasser, M. Zuhdi (2011). Islamic Schools and American Civic Culture. Academic Questions, v24 n1 p24-31 Mar. In the nearly ten years since the attacks by Muslim terrorists on 9/11, people have seen an exponential growth in homegrown radical Islam, or Islamism. Insufficiently recognized and acknowledged, this metastasis has produced its natural, deadly effects: jihad against American citizens on their own soil. Some analysts cite "the narrative" as the driving cause behind rampant radicalization, at home and abroad. The narrative exploits the virulently anti-American propaganda being spread across the world in Muslim communities, from Miami to Mumbai, from Detroit to Dubai. That narrative drives a rapidly escalating fervor of discontent against the West in general and America in particular, which serves to radicalize Muslims who view Americans as their mortal enemies and the cause of all the maladies that afflict Muslims worldwide. With images of Abu Ghraib and other exaggerated embarrassments that twist the reality of America's mission in Iraq and Afghanistan, Islamists garner… [Direct]

(2001). CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides, November 2001. These classroom guides, designed to accompany the daily CNN (Cable News Network) Newsroom broadcasts for the month of November 2001, provide program rundowns, suggestions for class activities and discussion, student handouts, and a list of related news terms. Top stories include: economic stimulus and U.S. steps up the bombing campaign in Afghanistan, (November 1-2); Bush administration faces tough questions about its military campaign, U.S.-led air strikes in Afghanistan intensify, President Bush wants coalition partners to back up their support for the war against terrorism, election roundup-Michael Bloomberg wins New York City's mayoral election, and Presidential address (November 5-9); the USS Stennis departs for the Arabian Sea, the Northern Alliance takes over Kabul, U.S. leaders are pleased with the retreat of Taliban forces, and a Taliban leader issues a new threat against the United States (November 13-16); Afghanistan ponders its political future, U.S. continues to hunt…

Wright, James (2008). The New GI Bill: It's a Win-Win Proposition. Chronicle of Higher Education, v54 n36 pA34 May. The idea of providing returning veterans with benefits as both a reward for their service and as a means of enabling them to reintegrate into civilian life dates to the early history of the United States. Revolutionary War soldiers received military pensions, land grants, and other forms of care, depending on their service and its location. After the Civil War, Union soldiers (but not, until much later, their Confederate counterparts) received pensions. In anticipation of the large numbers of returning American troops from World War I, the government developed a comprehensive package of veterans benefits that included disability payments, pensions, rehabilitation, and vocational training. Formally known as the Serviceman's Readjustment Act, the GI Bill provided tuition, room, and board, as well incidental expenses for books, to any veteran who attended a four-year college or university, a two-year college, or a trade school. The bill, which applied to both women and men and provided… [Direct]

Ayers, Bill; Ayers, Rick (2011). Living in the Gutter: Conflict and Contradiction in the Neoliberal Classroom–A Call to Action. Berkeley Review of Education, v2 n1 p95-108 Jan. Beyond a sewer or a ditch, the "gutter" is that narrow blank space between panels in every comic book or graphic novel. Seeming to say nothing at all, that thin white strip is where most of the magic actually happens. The gutter brings the art to life as sequential, and is the central site of tension and conflict, interpretation, imagination, and meaning making. The authors write that they often feel these days that they are living inside a comic book and so they write this opinion paper from the margin, the cut, the gutter. They assert that the evidence of terminal rot at the center is everywhere, and the accompanying collapse is all around us: a scandalous financial emergency and an economic sink hole based on deep structural problems; rampant and disgraceful political corruption; the relentless search for profits turning the earth into a sewer and creating an environmental crisis that cannot and will not be ignored; demographic changes caused by globalization and… [PDF]

(1975). Educational Reforms in the Republic of Afghanistan. Education in Asia, 8, 13-5, Sep 75. The aims, objectives, and structural changes in the Afghanistan educational system are listed. See SO 504 376 for journal availability. (DE)…

Wilson, Michael (1970). Starting Educational Broadcasting in Afghanistan. Educational Television International, 4, 4, 274-81, Dec 70. …

Yeary, Julia (2007). Operation Parenting Edge: Promoting Resiliency through Prevention. Zero to Three, v27 n6 p7-12 Jul. With current U.S. combat operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, military families are facing an unprecedented level of stress because of repeated and lengthy separations. The impact on children of these separations from one or both parents depends to a large extent on the remaining caregiver's ability to respond to the needs of the children. By providing supportive programs sensitive to the unique needs of military families with infant and toddlers, community initiatives such as Operation Parenting Edge (OPE) are able to maximize coping skills and promote resiliency in these families…. [Direct]

Siefert, Thomas E. (1983). Studying Other Cultures: Afghanistan as a Focus. Indiana Social Studies Quarterly, v36 n1 p62-66 Spr. Students should study the culture of a nation like Afghanistan because it is intrinsically significant and will help them understand human nature and experience. Teaching approaches and materials are discussed. (RM)…

Ackerman, Robert; DiRamio, David; Garza Mitchell, Regina L. (2009). Transitions: Combat Veterans as College Students. New Directions for Student Services, n126 p5-14 Sum. The experience of war makes those who fight a special group within the general population. The purpose of this study was to investigate how combat veterans who become college students make the transition to campus life, in order to identify how administrators can acknowledge and support them. A total of six women and 19 men were interviewed; 24 were enrolled full-time at one of three public research universities and one at a four-year regional university (DiRamio, Ackerman, and Mitchell, 2008). Of those interviewed, only two had experienced more than a single deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. Nine participants had attended college prior to serving on active duty. Students still on active duty were not included in the study, although National Guard and reserve force members were. The authors conducted the interviews, and the decision to end the study at 25 cases was guided by researcher agreement that clear themes had emerged (Creswell, 1997). Interviews with participants revealed… [Direct]

Kairies, Jan, Ed. (2013). Literacy Programmes with a Focus on Women to Reduce Gender Disparities: Case Studies from UNESCO Effective Literacy and Numeracy Practices Database (LitBase). www.unesco.org/uil/litbase/. UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning Literacy is the foundation of lifelong learning and a crucial element in the universally recognised right to education. However, illiteracy continues to exist as a global challenge, and many individuals still lack the basic literacy skills that are needed to engage in further learning opportunities and for the economic and social development of their communities. In order to redress this persistent gender disparity, the need to empower women through the acquisition of literacy skills is gaining increasing recognition. A number of countries are already implementing effective literacy programmes that directly target women, including various E-9 countries (The E-9 is a forum of nine countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria and Pakistan), LIFE (UNESCO launched the Literacy Initiative for Empowerment (LIFE, 2006-2015) as a collaborative effort to accelerate literacy action in thirty-six of the world's most challenged countries: Afghanistan,… [PDF]

Henry, Doris A.; Means, Harrison J. (1993). Strategic Planning for Literacy Education in Afghanistan. International Journal of Educational Reform, v2 n3 p286-91 Jul. After crisis conditions abated, directors of a U.S. Agency for International Development/University of Nebraska at Omaha joint project resolved to implement strategic planning for literacy education (including curriculum development, teacher education, and assessment) in Afghanistan. This article describes the rigors of educational planning in a theocratic Muslim society. The resulting plan included both sexes. (MLH)…

Rumann, Corey Bradford (2010). Student Veterans Returning to a Community College: Understanding Their Transitions. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, Iowa State University. Higher education and the military have been linked throughout history in the United States. Now, with the current wars in Afghanistan and Iraq the higher education community is beginning to realize again the importance of understanding student veterans' transition experiences into college and providing appropriate support programs. However, the experiences of war veterans making the transition from service-member to college student are not clearly understood. Consequently, community colleges and other institutions of higher education may not possess the information necessary to assist these students effectively. The purpose of this phenomenological, qualitative research study was to explore the nature of the transition experiences of student war veterans who had re-enrolled in a community college following military deployments. Using Schlossberg's Theory of Transition (Goodman, Schlossberg, & Anderson, 2006) as the theoretical framework and a three-interview series (Seidman, 2006)… [Direct]

Persky, Karen Rae (2010). Veterans Education: Coming Home to the Community College Classroom. ProQuest LLC, Ed.D. Dissertation, National-Louis University. The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of veterans who are community college students and to examine community college programs and services essential to meeting their needs. A qualitative case study design using interviews, observations, field notes, document reviews, a focus group, and a preinterview demographic questionnaire provides a holistic account of the community college experience for veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars. This research study gives a voice to veterans who are community college students, and provides community colleges with insights that may enable them to improve their services for this population. Five major themes relating to the veterans' perspectives of their needs at the case institution emerged from the data: (a) credit streamlining; (b) streamlining of programs and services; (c) faculty, advisor, and counselor training; (d) difficulties encountered by veterans, and (e) factors that constitute a veteran friendly campus. These five… [Direct]

McCready, Bo, Ed. (2010). Supporting Student Veteran Success: Institutional Responses to the Post-9/11 GI Bill and the Influx of Student Veterans. WISCAPE Viewpoints. Wisconsin Center for the Advancement of Postsecondary Education (NJ3) The Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008, commonly known as the Post-9/11 GI Bill, represents the largest investment in veterans' education since the original GI Bill of 1944. The bill pays tuition for a student veteran up to a cap based on public in-state undergraduate tuition and provides a monthly housing stipend, as well as money for books and educational supplies. Since its adoption in August 2009, the bill has made postsecondary education more affordable and accessible for many veterans. Due to the ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the size of the United States military has increased. Many veterans of these wars will soon return to American soil, and the Post-9/11 GI Bill, along with other benefits, will help thousands attend colleges across the nation. In this Viewpoints, contributors representing several institutions–staff and colleagues from the Madison College Veterans Services Office, Tami Koepsel of Edgewood College, and John Bechtol of the… [PDF]

Barack, Lauren (2010). Islam in the Classroom: Teachers and Parents Alike Are Unsure about the Topic, but It's Never Been More Important. School Library Journal, v56 n10 p34-37 Oct. Between recent threats by a Florida pastor to burn the Quran, the nation's ongoing presence in Afghanistan, and protests at the planned site for Park 51, an Islamic community center and mosque set to be built two blocks from the World Trade Center site, the topic of Islam is a tricky one, especially in K-12 schools, say many educators. For starters, it can be difficult to find appropriate materials to bring into media centers and classrooms. And then, parents can object to Islam being taught to their children, as protest groups across the Internet can attest. Of all major religious groups in the United States, Muslims trigger the most feelings of prejudice among Americans, according to a poll released in January by the Gallup Center for Muslim Studies. This prejudice can play out when organizations hear of Islamic culture being taught in schools. Knowing how to craft such a lesson is key. For teachers who don't have access to professional development programs, guidance on how to… [Direct]

Enteser, M. Ehsen (1966). Intermediate Dari for Peace Corps Volunteers. Afghanistan. This more advanced Dari text was designed for Peace Corps Volunteers in Afghanistan who desired to speak the language on higher levels, but it could also be used during the last part of the training programs in the United States. It follows the author's elementary text, "Farsi Reference Manual Basic Course," which has been used in all the Afghan Peace Corps training programs. This text is divided into eight units which contain presentation, reinforcement. recapitulation, and conversation drills. Dari script materials are included. (CFM)… [PDF]

Halligan, Tom (2007). The Student Soldier. Community College Journal, v78 n1 p22-25 Aug-Sep. Educating America's service men and women has long been a core mission of many community colleges, especially in cities and towns that host military bases and installations. Today, a soldier, sailor, or Marine can be stationed anywhere in the world and continue his or her education with the help of distance learning initiatives. Whether a soldier is stationed in war-torn Baghdad, in the rugged mountains of Afghanistan, or on an ice breaker in Antarctica, emerging technologies provide access to a community college education. This article describes three community colleges that serve the military and offer distance learning for military personnel…. [Direct]

Khan, Jehanzaib (2012). School or Madrassa? Parents' Choice and the Failure of State-Run Education in Pakistan. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, New York University. Two major assumptions have dominated much of the discourse on Islamic schools in Pakistan since the rise of the Taliban in the 1990s and following the US attack on Afghanistan in October 2001. First, the Pakistani state-run education system is failing. Because of the poor quality of education at public schools, parents choose to send their children to attend madrassas. Second, madrassas produce religious militancy, threatening Pakistani and global security. My study focuses on this first assumption and explores the extent to which parents' decisions to send their children to madrassas is explained by their educational, rather than religious, motivations given the poor state of public education. Contrary to the popular assumption that families' choice of madrassas is associated with the poor standards of public education in Pakistan, findings from my research show that parents who send children (both male and female) to public school do not perceive madrassas as an alternative despite… [Direct]

Kirk, Jackie; Winthrop, Rebecca (2008). Learning for a Bright Future: Schooling, Armed Conflict, and Children's Well-Being. Comparative Education Review, v52 n4 p639-661 Nov. During and after armed conflicts, policy makers and practitioners often advocate education to support the physical, psychological, and social well-being of children. In such advocacy they reference education's role in promoting children's welfare, although there is evidence that schooling in particular can jeopardize children's well-being. In this article, the authors argue that, under certain conditions and with certain approaches, schooling can support children's well-being. This subject has been given little attention in existing literature and practice. Using data collected on primary school students living in refugee and postconflict contexts through the International Rescue Committee's Healing Classrooms Initiative, the authors examine the diverse ways in which Eritrean refugee students in Ethiopia, Afghan students in Afghanistan, and Liberian refugee students in Sierra Leone conceptualize their own well-being in relation to their school experience. The authors then draw out… [Direct]

Queen, Mary (2008). Transnational Feminist Rhetorics in a Digital World. College English, v70 n5 p471-489 May. In this essay, the author examines the digital circulations of representations of one Afghan women's rights organization–the Revolutionary Association of Women of Afghanistan (RAWA)–to demonstrate the importance of a global and digital field for feminist rhetorical analysis. Specifically, this analysis traces how women's self-representations are transformed through their circulation within global fields of rhetorical action in ways that often "fix" these women within neoliberal frameworks of "democracy" and "women's rights," thus erasing the multiple ways in which women across the globe use Internet technology to create and claim identities, agency, and political activism outside of the circulation of one-third world rhetorics of power. This essay emphasizes the importance of understanding the cybercirculation and mediation of representations of RAWA through Internet technologies–a factor that has often been ignored by feminists from the West as they… [Direct]

Johnson, Chris (1998). Afghanistan: NGOs and Women in the Front Line. Community Development Journal, v33 n2 p117-23 Apr. In conflict-torn Afghanistan, international nongovernmental organizations are attempting to build indigenous capacity for development. Strategies include support for women, involvement of local elders, and integration of internal and external value systems. (SK)…

Lipson, Juliene; Robson, Barbara (2002). The Afghans: Their History and Culture. Culture Profile, 2002. This booklet provides a basic introduction to the people, history, and cultures of Afghanistan. It is designed primarily for service providers and others assisting the Afghan refugees in their new communities in the United States. The 12 sections focus on: (1) "Preface"; (2) "Introduction" (recent Afghan refugees); (3) "The Land"; (4) "The Economy"; (5) "The People" (Pushtuns, Tajiks, Altaic groups, and other ethnic groups); (6) "History" (antiquity, early conquests, introduction of Islam, empires, beginnings of Afghanistan, western powers, formation of Afghanistan, modernization of Afghanistan, Soviet occupation, and current crisis); (7) "Religion" (the Sunni and the Shi's, the Taliban version of Islam, and Islam's impact on daily life); (8) "Daily Live and Values" (social structures, family life, key cultural and social values, festivities, food and drink, dress, and music and literature); (9)… [PDF]

Burdick, Melanie (2009). Grading the War Story. Teaching English in the Two-Year College, v36 n4 p353-354 May. This article considers the emotional and psychological complexities of responding to personal narratives when the focus is war. The author teaches at a community college and she always begins her semester with a narrative assignment for the usual reasons: students write better when they write what they know; teachers should scaffold writing assignments a la Moffett–to enable students to move from what is emotionally close to them to more complex and seemingly faraway topics; narratives allow teachers to get to know their students and their students' writing in more multifaceted ways. Those are all good reasons, and they have worked for her in the past, but this semester, a part of her wishes that she had never given a personal narrative essay assignment. Many of the stories that her students told were connected to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Her mind spins wondering how to critique these writings just the right way, without becoming lost in depression. She knows that she must… [Direct]

Thomas, Marshall W. (2010). A Safe Zone for Veterans: Developing the VET NET Ally Program to Increase Faculty and Staff Awareness and Sensitivity to the Needs of Military Veterans in Higher Education. ProQuest LLC, Ed.D. Dissertation, California State University, Long Beach. Given the increased educational benefits of the Post 9/11 G. I. Bill for veterans, and as the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan wind down and the troops come home, the number of military veterans entering colleges and universities is expected to increase. As non-traditional students with significant life experience, often including combat, this population of students may have different needs than traditional college students. The purpose of this study was to develop, pilot, and evaluate the VET NET Ally program to educate staff and faculty about the needs of military veterans in higher education. Modeled after Safe Zone Ally programs common on college campuses, the VET NET Ally program provided 4-hour training seminars focused on pre- and post-military culture, personal identity issues, and the services available to veterans to assist them in achieving their personal, social, and educational goals. The study provides an outline of the training modules included in the… [Direct]

Shalinsky, Audrey C. (1980). Learning Sexual Identity: Parents and Children in Northern Afghanistan. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, v11 n4 p254-65 Win. Describes different roles and socialization activities of male and female children in an Afghanistan household. Stresses the implications for adolescent behavior and marital relationships of mothers' influences on children of both sexes. (GC)…

(1978). Statistical Profile of Children and Mothers in Afghanistan. Interim Edition. This interim report is an updating of the 1977 Statistical Profile of Children and Mothers in Afghanistan. The interim report reflects the significant changes in policies brought about by the Saur Revolution establishing the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in 1978. A comprehensive revision of the report is expected when the new government's five year plan is available. The profile presents the policy objectives of the Khalqi Government regarding children and mothers, provides the population estimates being used by government planners, and draws together the latest available data relating to the health, educational and social status of children and mothers. Information and tables are provided on mortality, birth and migration rates, health needs and institutions, water supply and environmental sanitation, housing, education, and communications. (SS)…

(1979). Integration of Women in the Development Process and Its Impact on the Wellbeing of Children. This report, prepared by the UNICEF Office in Kabul, Afghanistan, is on the status of women in Afghanistan and on the problems and issues affecting their integration in the national development process. The report provides a general overview of the relationship between developmental programs for women, improvement of women's status and the resulting impact on the well-being of Afghan children. The United Nations assistance to programs benefiting women, and the specific roles which UNICEF plays in this regard, are described. In addition, future courses of actions for UNICEF are suggested. (Author/MP)…

Givens, Meredith B. (1967). Human Resources Development and Manpower Utilization in Afghanistan. This report, prepared by a labor economist and manpower specialist after about seven weeks of observation and consultation, aims to evaluate the extensive USAID (United States Agency for International Development) Mission education and training activities in relation to a realistic view of the current and future manpower needs in Afghanistan, and to determine what steps should be taken for this purpose. The introduction and list of specific proposals are followed by a general discussion of: (1) the Afghan setting; (2) the primacy of agriculture; (3) comments on the education system; (4) literacy and language; (5) middle level skills; (6) the Kabul University; (7) initiative and enterprise; (8) womanpower; (9) manpower planning; (10) a Human Resource Development program; (11) the labor market, occupations, and the wage structure. [Not available in hardcopy due to marginal legibility of original copy.] (AMM)… [PDF]

Miles, M. (1993). Disability Information & Awareness: Afghanistan. Version 2.2. This report focuses on a project in Afghanistan that coordinates the efforts of several agencies to develop community-directed disability, rehabilitation, and education services. The program stresses community mobilization aided by skills transfer from expatriate specialists, and includes physical therapy, prosthetics, living skills and mobility training for blind participants, vocational rehabilitation, and social integration. This report focuses specifically on the informational content of the project, designed to generate disability awareness and dissemination of information, and on project activities geared toward training community organizers who can involve participating communities in identifying their own resources and setting up necessary services. The idea of regional Disability Resource Centers, with participation by associations of disabled Afghans and caregivers, is developed. An annotated bibliography of approximately 100 items lists materials on disability service… [PDF]

Balwanz, David; DeStefano, Joseph; Hartwell, Ash; Moore, Audrey-Marie Schuh (2007). Reaching the Underserved: Complementary Models of Effective Schooling. Academy for Educational Development Many countries that have undergone expansion of access to public education still face significant disparities in school enrollment and attendance rates at sub-national levels, and fail to reach a high proportion of children who are outside of the government system. Completion and student learning have also continued to be system-wide challenges that many Ministries of Education struggle to address. Educational Policy, Systems Development, and Management (EQUIP2) identified nine case examples of complementary, community-based approaches to schooling from around the world, and developed a research methodology for analyzing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of those models. Data were gathered on student enrollment, completion and learning, management, governance, organization, costs and financing. Cases demonstrate that complementary education programs can provide a unique and critical role to addressing Education for All (EFA) goals, particularly for disadvantaged and… [PDF]

Beckmann, Elizabeth A.; Kilby, Patrick (2008). On-Line, Off-Campus but in the Flow: Learning from Peers in Development Studies. Australasian Journal of Peer Learning, v1 Article 8 p61-69. Development workers studying at the graduate level benefit from exposure to the great variety of cultures and worldviews. In the Australian National University's Master of Applied Anthropology and Participatory Development (MAAPD) program, peer learning is giving current and future development workers in the field and in the classroom the chance to exchange knowledge, experiences and ideas that bring theory into sharp relief. The program offers flexible and blended delivery options, and has recently focused on using online discussions to nurture the exchanges among on-and off-campus students. Students working alone in development settings as diverse as remote Australia, East Timor, Egypt or Afghanistan can thus interact with their peers in the program to compare their day-to-day experiences of social development, conflict, justice, exploitation, gender or environmental issues, as they attempt to apply theory to practice. Using survey feedback from MAAPD students, this paper examines… [PDF]

Morrison, Bronwen (2002). Food and Education in the Reconstruction of Afghanistan. Final Proceedings Report: AIA-NGO-WFP-CAII Workshop (Islamabad, Pakistan, February 17-20, 2002). The civil war and desperate humanitarian situation in Afghanistan has severely limited human capacity development over the past 23 years. Human development indicators for Afghanistan are among the worst in the world, and the fighting has deprived more than a generation of even a basic education. To support and build on the indigenous early efforts to bring education back to life, private voluntary organizations (PVOs) and local Afghan non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have continued to work on the ground in that country over many years currently offer the most logical avenue for initial external assistance in education. A workshop held in February 2002 sought to address the need for the Afghan Interim Authority (AIA), donors, and PVO/NGOs to establish direct dialogue mechanisms to improve coordination for the new official school year. The workshop was also designed to address the changed circumstance of the PVO/NGO community that now must develop working relationships with… [PDF]

Kaftan, Nadja; Smith-Doughty, Lexy (2009). Islam, Western Education and the Riddle of Human Rights. College Quarterly, v12 n4 Fall. Relations between Islam and the West have seldom been easy. Enmities and resentments date back centuries. So do cultural contacts, economic ties and periods of relative cooperation. Today, however, nothing symbolizes that unsteady and often tense relationship more than the events of 11 September, 2001 and the bloodshed that has followed in Palestine, Iraq and Afghanistan as well as the cities of London, Madrid and elsewhere. The attitudes and actions of both sides have important consequences for citizens not only in Islamic countries but also in the West. They present especially serious trials for educators, both in principle and in practice. For other citizens, the purported clash of civilizations brings up questions concerning the very Western values that are said to be in jeopardy. This article is intended to describe some of the background to the riddle of human rights as it affects Islam and the West, and to open the discussion of political principles to a consideration of the… [PDF]

Chuang, Angie (2004). If You Believe in Faith: An Interview with Afghanistan's Minister of Higher Education. Academe, v90 n5 p31-33 Sept-Oct. New construction springs up like hope in Afghanistan's capital: rampant, haphazard, and, too often, quick to deteriorate in Kabul's harsh climate. But one closely watched building project has come to symbolize so much–the renovation of the bombed-out, abandoned women's dormitories at Kabul University. When completed, they will house two thousand of the first female university students in nearly a decade. Girls and women were barred from schools by the Taliban, the faction that ruled Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001. Just east of the construction site, Sharif Fayez, the country's minister of higher education, arrives each day for work at a bunker-like building, passing Kalashnikov-wielding guards and a metal detector to get to his office. Fayez, a former Afghan expatriate with a PhD in English literature from the University of Arizona, has faced his share of challenges during his two-and-a half-year tenure as a cabinet minister in Afghanistan's interim government. In this interview,…

Duvekot, Ruud, Ed.; Singh, Madhu, Ed. (2013). Linking Recognition Practices and National Qualifications Frameworks: International Benchmarking of Experiences and Strategies on the Recognition, Validation and Accreditation (RVA) of Non-Formal and Informal Learning. UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning This publication is the outcome of the international conference organized by UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL), in collaboration with the Centre for Validation of Prior Learning at Inholland University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands, and in partnership with the French National Commission for UNESCO that was held in Hamburg in March 2010 with participants (experts and officials) from governmental organisations from more than twenty UNESCO Member States in all regions of the world. The reports contained in this book demonstrate the many ways that recognition, validation, and accreditation of prior learning can help to make lifelong learning for all a reality. The concept of lifelong learning has become a vital component in developing and utilizing human potential and capabilities. Lifelong learning covers the full range of learning opportunities, from early childhood through school to higher and further education. Qualification systems across the globe are generally… [PDF]

Balwanz, David; DeStefano, Joseph; Hartwell, Ash; Moore, Audrey-Marie Schuh (2006). Meeting EFA: How Do Complementary Models Meet the Education Needs of Underserved Populations in Developing Countries? Issues Brief. Academy for Educational Development This issues brief describes how complementary education approaches that rely on community, nongovernmental, and ministry collaboration present a promising response to the challenge to the limitations of conventional primary schooling. The brief is based on nine case studies of successful complementary education programs in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, Ghana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mali, and Zambia, demonstrating that such approaches can effectively reach and educate otherwise underserved populations in various geographical, political, and social contexts…. [PDF]

O'Bannon, George W. (1973). Project Afghanistan: Undergraduates in Dynamic Cross-Cultural Experiment. International Educational and Cultural Exchange, 8, 4, 14-20, Spr 73. …

Cloud, Dana L. (2004). \To Veil the Threat of Terror\: Afghan Women and the Quarterly Journal of Speech, v90 n3 p285-306 Aug. This article explores the role of widely circulated images of Afghan people in building public support for the 2001-2002 U.S. war with Afghanistan. Emphasizing images of women, I argue that these representations participate in the more general category of \the clash of civilizations,\ which constitutes a verbal and a visual ideograph linked to the idea of the \white man's burden.\ Through the construction of binary oppositions of self and Other, the evocation of a paternalistic stance toward the women of Afghanistan, and the figuration of modernity as liberation, these images participate in a set of justifications for war that contradicts the actual motives for the war. These contradictions have a number of implications for democratic deliberation and public life during wartime…. [Direct]

(1981). The Afghani. Fact Sheet Series #5. As an introduction to Afghani refugees in the United States, this report discusses various aspects of Afghani life both in the U.S. and Afghanistan. Within the discussion of Afghani cultural background, Afghani history, geography, livelihood, language, ethnicity, religion, art, food and dress, festivities, names, and social structure are reviewed. The section on education reveals that modern education has not yet had a wide-spread impact in Afghanistan. A review of the Afghani languages of Pashto and Dari points to possible problems for the Afghani English as a second language student. Issues covered are: (1) the pronunciation of consonants, (2) the pronunciation of vowels, (3) articles, (4) basic word order, and (5) modification of verbs. Based on this review of Afghani culture and language, implications for refugee orientation are discussed. (JK)… [PDF]

Coleridge, Angela, Ed. (2001). Afghanistan's Children Speak to the UN Special Session, September 19-21, 2001. This publication presents translated messages from children in Afghanistan presented at a special session of the United Nations in September 2001. Compiled and funded by The Save the Children Alliance members working for Afghanistan, the booklet begins with the text of Articles 12 and 13 relating to participation of The Convention on the Rights of the Child. Children's spoken or written messages translated from Dori or Pashtu follow and relate to participation at home and in their country, survival in the midst of war, the need for protection, and the need for opportunities to promote their own development. The children's messages are accompanied by their drawings and by photographs of the children themselves. The final section of the publication describes a Children's Consultation Kit, developed to assist adults in communicating more effectively with Afghan children; the kit was piloted among groups of Afghan refugee children in Peshawar, Pakistan during January and February 2001,… [PDF]

Field, Kelly (2008). Cost, Convenience Drive Veterans' College Choices. Chronicle of Higher Education, v54 n46 pA1 Jul. When Senator Jim Webb, a Democrat from Virginia, introduced his "21st-Century GI Bill" last year, he predicted that it would give veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan the same educational opportunities that World War II veterans received under the original GI Bill of Rights, signed into law more than a half century ago. Webb's bill, which was signed into law late last month, will provide military personnel and recent veterans with enough aid to attend the most expensive public college in their states. Supporters say it has the potential to significantly expand college access for veterans and to increase their ranks at traditional four-year institutions. However, recent enrollment trends and interviews with veterans suggest that cost is not the only factor keeping today's troops out of nonprofit, four-year institutions. Many veterans prefer community colleges and for-profit institutions because they are more convenient and cater to their needs. Those trends, coupled… [Direct]

Wiedeman, Reeves (2008). ROTC Seeks to Expand on Campuses, and Colleges Cope with a Conflict. Chronicle of Higher Education, v55 n10 pA30 Oct. With its forces stretched thin by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Army is looking to significantly expand the number of Reserve Officers' Training Corps programs on college campuses for the first time since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, which led the Army to close more than 80 programs. At the University of Maryland-Baltimore County and other colleges that have applied for a program, the effort is being celebrated by cadets but criticized by faculty members and students who oppose the military's exclusion of openly gay service members. The Army's expansion effort stems from the Pentagon's request for the officer-training corps to produce 4,500 second lieutenants each year, a 15-percent increase over its annual quota four years ago. That target will rise to 5,350 in 2011. This year, ROTC produced 4,300 lieutenants, more than in 2007 but still short of its quota. That shortfall has the training corps looking for ways to produce more lieutenants, including adding 15 to 20… [Direct]

Demko, George J.; Wood, William B. (1987). International Refugees: A Geographical Perspective. Journal of Geography, v86 n5 p225-28 Sep-Oct. Examines the problem of international refugees from a geographical perspective. Focuses on sub-saharan Africa, Afghanistan, Central America, and southeast Asia. Concludes that geographers can and should use their skills and intellectual tools to address and help resolve this global problem. (JDH)…

Imhoof, Maurice (1970). An Aspect of the English Language Programme in Afghanistan. Engl Lang Teaching, v24 n2 p178-82 Jan. …

(2010). Duty, Honor, Country… & Credit: Serving the Education and Learning Needs of Active Military and Veterans. CAEL Forum and News 2010. Council for Adult and Experiential Learning (NJ1) Congress recently passed legislation improving the Post-9/11 GI Bill for the millions of eligible Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans to use in their pursuit of education and training. This legislation provides a tremendous opportunity for these valued Americans to obtain the skills necessary for employment at a time when they are often making the difficult transition back to civilian life. This annual issue of "CAEL Forum and News" shares stories of how postsecondary institutions and other organizations are working to help military students succeed in education and, ultimately, employment. This issue contains four sections. Section 1, Becoming a Civilian, contains: (1) An Interview with Jack Amberg, Senior Director of Veterans Programs at the Robert R. McCormick Foundation (Rebecca Klein-Collins). Section 2, Recognizing Prior Learning of Military Students and Veteran Students, contains: (2) Awarding College Credit for Military Training and Experience: Campus Strategies for… [PDF]

Carvalho, Edward J. (2010). The Poetics of a School Shooter: Decoding Political Signification in Cho Seung-Hui's Multimedia Manifesto. Review of Education, Pedagogy & Cultural Studies, v32 n4-5 p403-430. In 2007, against a tragically ironic backdrop of National Poetry Month, April indeed was "the cruellest month" (Eliot 1922, I.1). The media spotlight during that time repositioned from Iraq and Afghanistan to Blacksburg, Virginia, where a stateside guerilla incursion at Virginia Tech would mark the single worst episode of school shooting violence in American history. Shortly after the first wave of shooting, student gunman Cho Seung-Hui mailed a self-produced, twenty-three-page PDF "manifesto" to the local NBC network, where producers later uploaded a closely bowdlerized version of the new media composition. "MSNBC.com" went on to provide a dedicated Web space for Seung-Hui's content for viewers to examine more closely the various incarnations of Seung-Hui's performative rage. A 2008 hour-long BBC documentary on the killings, "Massacre at Virginia Tech," worked tirelessly to invisibilize the structural or political features of the shooting… [Direct]

Hantula, James (1981). Whither Soviet Studies: Back to Basics?. Clearing House, v54 n8 p341-44 Apr. The author traces changes in American social studies teaching about the Soviet Union over the past 30 years. He finds that these changes parallel shifts in the political mentality from the Cold War, through detente, to America's renewed suspicion following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. (SJL)…

(1983). Population Education Country Programmes. Population Education in Asia and the Pacific Newsletter, n19 p2-8. Highlights various population education programs in Afghanistan, China, India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. Also describes population education programs at primary and secondary levels in Thailand, curriculum and instructional materials development in this country, and teaching units and curriculum outlines developed from a workshop for Pacific countries. (JN)…

(1982). Research in Brief. Journalism Quarterly, v59 n4 p638-58 Win. Reports briefly on research concerning (1) network television coverage of the Iranian hostage crisis, (2) puffery and readership of magazine advertisements, (3) television role models and anticipated social interaction, (4) portrayals of the elderly in magazine advertisements, and (5) British broadcast coverage of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. (FL)…

(2009). Invisible Wounds: Serving Service Members and Veterans with PTSD and TBI. National Council on Disability More than 1.6 million American service members have deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). As of December 2008, more than 4,000 troops have been killed and over 30,000 have returned from a combat zone with visible wounds and a range of permanent disabilities. In addition, an estimated 25-40 percent have less visible wounds–psychological and neurological injuries associated with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or traumatic brain injury (TBI), which have been dubbed "signature injuries" of the Iraq War. National Council on Disability (NCD) concurs with the recommendations of previous Commissions, Task Forces and national organizations that: (1) A comprehensive continuum of care for mental disorders, including PTSD, and for TBI should be readily accessible by all service members and veterans. This requires adequate staffing and adequate funding of Veterans Administration (VA) and Department of Defense… [PDF]

Gross, Lawrence W. (2007). Assisting American Indian Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan Cope with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Lessons from Vietnam Veterans and the Writings of Jim Northrup. American Indian Quarterly, v31 n3 p373-409 Sum. The country is at war in Iraq and Afghanistan, and, as has been the case throughout the history of the United States, American Indians have answered the call and are serving bravely in the armed forces. As in years past, there are also a cadre of American Indian veterans returning from the battlefield, scarred and wounded in body, heart, and mind. Of course, scientists and social scientists will be investigating ways they can assist these heroic men and women. Scholars in American Indian studies who work in the humanities should no less consider how they can apply their research and analytical skills to the same task. This paper, then, is a call for scholars to engage in a sustained, interdisciplinary conversation about practical suggestions for relieving the suffering of American Indian warriors. The author begins the discussion by examining the record of American Indian veterans who served in Vietnam. At this point, American Indian Vietnam veterans have enough history with healing… [Direct]

(1983). Population Education Country Programmes. Population Education in Asia and the Pacific Newsletter, n18 p6-9. Describes population programs in Afghanistan (nonformal, population education literacy program), India (problems in planning/managing population education in higher education), Indonesia (training for secondary/out-of-school inspectors), and Pakistan (integration of population education into school curricula). Programs in China, Korea, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and Thailand are also described. (JN)…

(2001). CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides, October 2001. These classroom guides, designed to accompany the daily CNN (Cable News Network) Newsroom broadcasts for the month of October 2001, provide program rundowns, suggestions for class activities and discussion, student handouts, and a list of related news terms. Stories include: Taliban update/tribal troubles, U.S. officials report progress in the financial war on terrorism, the U.S. condemns the latest attack of terrorism in India and tensions between India and Pakistan fuel an already volatile situation, President Bush outlines the framework for an economic stimulus plan, and the war against terrorism renews old alliances and establishes new ones (October 1-5); the U.S. and Great Britain attack Afghanistan, Pakistan reacts to the U.S. attacks against Afghanistan and Tom Ridge is sworn in as the U.S. Director of Homeland Security, two cases of anthrax are reported in Florida and the biotech industry steps up its efforts in the defense against bioterrorism, the U.S. continues its attack…

Skorton, David J. (2008). Higher Education: Special Interest or National Asset?. Chronicle of Higher Education, v55 n13 pA96 Nov. The deepening financial crisis that is now affecting markets and people around the globe gives new context to what the nation is facing. Americans cannot think of business as usual in any sector of public or private life, including higher education. President-elect Barack Obama will have very little financial latitude and enormous immediate problems, beginning with the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, a troubled health-care system, and the complex economic conundrum. It is time to strengthen and clarify the role that those at colleges and universities can play in this unsettling environment. The nation is at an unprecedented moment, one that higher education can seize as an opportunity to become a more crucial determinant of the direction taken by the United States. Higher education has not been on the national agenda except insofar as it is viewed as less and less affordable, and to some extent less relevant to a broad range of challenges. In effect, policy makers and the public view… [Direct]

Thinsan, Snea (2009). The Transformative Experiences of Afghan Educators through Paolo Freire and William Perry's Lenses: Four Cases in a Research-Oriented U.S. Graduate School of Education. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, Indiana University. Conducted over a three-year period, this multiple-case study examined the previous professional backgrounds, transitional issues, and intellectual transformation of four Afghan university teachers during their graduate study in language education at a large Midwestern research university. An intellectual transformation coding scheme synthesized from works by Freire (1970) and Perry (1968, 1970) was used to analyze their intellectual transitions, particularly as voiced in their final interviews. As a participant observer serving in various phases of a special program for Afghan educators, the researcher collected data from multiple sources including emails, observational notes, project-related reports, participants' academic works, questionnaire responses, interview transcripts, and other work-related documents. The main findings suggest that transformation for these scholars largely involved bringing newly acquired academic knowledge and discourse development into line with… [Direct]

Bechhoefer, William B. (1975). Architecture and Development: Two Case Studies. International Educational and Cultural Exchange, 11, 2, 22-8, F 75. An American Fulbright lecturer finds lessons learned about the growth of architectural education in Tunisia and Afghanistan relevant for other developing nations. He emphasizes the responsibility that accompanies the imposition of a foreign system: recognition of local variations from the model and evaluation of programs and curriculum responsive to the situation. (Editor/JT)…

(1980). Linking Science Education to the Rural Environment: Some Experiences. Report of a Mobile Field Operational Seminar. Described is a seminar designed to promote inter-country exchange of experiences on innovations in science and technology education. Countries involved include Afghanistan, India, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, and Sri Lanka. Each country's program is described pertaining to school levels, teacher training, science teaching, in-service training, background, curriculum, and instruction. (Author/DS)…

Meyerhoff, Arthur A. (1983). Oil and Gas. Geotimes, v28 n2 p30-32 Feb. Highlights worldwide oil and gas developments during 1982, focusing on production, drilling, and other activities/projects in specific countries and regional areas. Indicates that the most political actions (other than the U.S. decision not to protest further the Siberian pipeline project) were the continued Afghanistan and Iraq-Iran wars. (Author/JN)…

(1972). Development of Education in Afghanistan During the Period 1960-1970. Bulletin of the Unesco Regional Office for Education in Asia, 6, 2, 1-10, Mar 72. …

Manzo, Kathleen Kennedy (2006). Afghan Education Shows Progress Amid the Rubble. Education Week, v25 n32 p10 Apr. Afghanistan suffered another blow to its campaign to rebuild its ravaged school system last week when a rocket exploded on the grounds of a school in Asadabad, killing six children. The spate of recent attacks on schools, teachers, and students has not threatened plans to open up educational opportunities for all children, especially girls, throughout the Southern Asian nation observers say. U.S. agencies, private donors, and international aid organizations have reported marked headway in building new schools, recruiting and training centers, and providing basic instructional materials, and demand for education throughout much of the country has exceeded expectations….

Lin, Li-Fen (2011). On the Developmental Journey: An Ethnographic Study of Teacher Identity Development of NESTs and NNESTs in a US MATESOL Program. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Davis. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the discursive process of the negotiation and construction of teacher identity in a US-based Master of Arts for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (MATESOL) program. This study explores how both native-English-speaking (NES) and non-native-English-speaking (NNES) student teachers' identities as English language teaching (ELT) professionals are shaped by professional discourses in the program, and how their (non)native status influences this enculturation process and their teaching practices. While teacher identity has been an emerging subject in research on language instruction over the last decade, the NNEST/NEST dichotomy remains the most prevalent way of theorizing teacher identity in TESOL (Menard-Warwick, 2008), and the process of the search for and construction of a professional teacher identity, especially within MATESOL programs, is understudied in the field of TESOL and Applied Linguistics. This… [Direct]

Vandergriff, Donald E. (2006). From Swift to Swiss: Tactical Decision Games and Their Place in Military Education and Performance Improvement. Performance Improvement, v45 n2 p30-39 Feb. In today's arena of military transformation, the newest bandwagon everyone is jumping on is \reform military education.\ This comes about in light of the complex problems faced by Army leaders in Afghanistan and Iraq. The Army's education and training doctrine was developed to deal with second-generation or industrial war. The existing system did all right to prepare Army leaders, especially its junior officers, to adapt to the unexpected demands of the ongoing wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Nevertheless, the Army leader development system has to do better. As a result, think tanks and military task forces are proposing all kinds of changes to military education, at the levels of joint education, midlevel officer career courses, and senior-level war colleges. This article focuses on Tactical Decision Game (TDG), a tool which provides an efficient and effective way to teach intuitive decision making–or, as the Army calls it, rapid decision making–in aspiring leaders. It discusses how… [Direct]

McCulloch, John I. B., Ed. (1972). English Around the World, Number 6. This newsletter discusses the teaching and role of English around the world. Articles also cover English-language media in a given country, and the opportunity and need for understanding and speaking English in that country. This particular issue contains items on English-language education and use in Belgium, Poland, Afghanistan, Hungary, Singapore, Venezuela, and Francophone Africa. (VM)… [PDF]

DeMarsico, Jonnette (2003). The Process of Drama through a Novel. Stage of the Art, v15 n3 p25-27 Spr. Notes that New York University's Steinhardt School of Education offers a program in educational theater with noted practitioners in the field. Provides a narrative description of one process drama session conducted by Warwick Dobson with a group of ninth graders. Explains that this session focused on the novel \The Breadwinner,\ which is set in Afghanistan. (PM)…

Bayer, Eileen; Staley, Lynn (2004). The Role of Educators in the 21st Century. Childhood Education, v81 n1 p32-D Fall. This brief article reports on selective presentations from the January, 2004, conference, "Poverty, Partnerships and Peace: The Role of Educators in the 21st Century," sponsored by the Committee on Teaching about the United Nations. Topics covered include the importance of teaching girls in Afghanistan and the connection between poverty reduction and conflict resolution….

McNerney, Frank; Zhao, Yijie (2006). Assessing the Impact of a Multi-Agency Project on Afghan Basic Education. Online Submission, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (San Francisco, CA, Apr 7-11, 2006). This study investigates the impact of activities done in the basic education sub-sector by a consortium of four non-government organizations in four provinces in Afghanistan from January 2004 to June 2005. The evaluation uses the project objectives and components as the evaluation framework, and data collected through survey questionnaires, structured interviews and classroom observations. Results indicate that the local communities were actively involved in basic education planning and management via village education committees; where new schools were built, almost all communities contributed labor and/or collected money to pay for the land; most teachers and principals claimed that attending the teacher training workshops enabled them to become more "professional" in teaching; there was a shared concern over the sustainability of the capacity building activities in project management, monitoring and impact assessment. Results show that the ABEC project has undertaken the… [PDF]

(2002). CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides, March 2002. These classroom guides, designed to accompany the daily CNN (Cable News Network) Newsroom broadcasts for the month of March 2002, provide program rundowns, suggestions for class activities and discussion, student handouts, and a list of related news terms. Lead stories include: the U.S. expands the War on Terrorism into the Republic of Georgia and the Philippines (March 1); American military action in Afghanistan intensifies and the U.S. enhances its humanitarian assistance to Afghanistan, eight U.S. servicemen die in Operation Anaconda, Egypt's President Mubarak seeks to revive peace talks in the Middle East, Zimbabwe's president changes his country's election rules, and report on Operation Anaconda (March 4-8); Operation Anaconda continues 6 months after the attacks of September 11, President Bush commemorates 6 months since the attacks of September 11, Vice President Cheney begins his tour of the Middle East, the U.N. Security Council votes to endorse a Palestinian state, and…

Hayes, James; Logan, Robert (1982). An Examination of Prepropaganda and Political Change in Afghanistan during a National Crisis–September, 1979-January, 1980. Jacques Ellul defined "prepropaganda" as the subtle and sophisticated use of news services to improve an authoritarian government's public image. Because its value is directly related to its being used sparingly, he predicted that prepropaganda would increase when an authoritarian government felt threatened and decrease when it once more felt secure. The sovereignty threatening events in Afghanistan from September 1979 until January 1980 provided an opportunity to test Ellul's theory. According to the theory, the frequency and the bias of the prepropaganda directed at Hafizullah Amin, Afghanistan's ruler, by Bakhtar, the official news service, should have changed according to the vicissitudes of the situation, being favorable during the planning of the Soviet Union's invasion and unfavorable after that invasion took place. Content analysis of the favorable and unfavorable adjectives used to describe Amin in articles supplied by Bakhtar for editions of the "Kabul…

(1976). Social Sciences in Asia II: Afghanistan, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Nepal. Reports and Papers in the Social Sciences, No. 33. The document focuses on social science teaching and research in Afghanistan, Japan, Indonesia, Korea, and Nepal. One chapter is devoted to each of the five nations. The first chapter suggests that social science has not played a major role in the socioeconomic development of Afghanistan because most Afghans favor traditional ways of thinking. The chapter on Indonesia traces social science research from the eighth century through establishment of social science faculties by Dutch colonizers and to modern times–characterized by computer research and individualized curriculum for university students. The chapter on Japan stresses rapidly expanding social science research activities to meet the needs of increasing numbers of students and others who demand social science information particularly in areas of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and interdisciplinary studies. The chapter on Korea identifies law, economics, and political science as the most popular fields of social…

Naseer, Syed, Comp.; Slavin, Suzy, Ed. (1991). South Asia: A Guide to Reference Sources. This annotated bibliography of library materials on South Asia covers Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The materials are organized into three sections: (1) references sources; (2) regional bibliography; and (3) subject bibliography. While the guide is specific to materials housed in a particular library, it can be useful to persons interested in conducting research on South Asia in general. (DB)…

Blake, Norv; And Others (1988). Classroom Teacher's Idea Notebook. Social Education, v52 n7 p512-16,519 Nov-Dec. Offers activities for high school and middle school classrooms. First activity deals with war crimes by projecting fictitious Soviet fighting in Afghanistan into the story of William Calley in Vietnam. Second activity uses the Underground Railroad during the U.S. Civil War in an interdisciplinary approach. Third activity is a self-discovery project which helps students understand themselves and society. (KO)…

Norton, Augustus Richard; Weiss, Thomas George (1990). UN Peacekeepers: Soldiers with a Difference. Headline Series No. 292. United Nations (UN) peacekeepers, symbolic neutral military units whose presence has made a difference in areas as diverse as Afghanistan, Central America, and Namibia, are in a unique position to affect the course of international peace. With recent UN successes negotiating resolutions in Afghanistan and the Iran-Iraq war, and with radically improved relations between Washington and Moscow, there is a new sense of optimism about the United Nations. In fact, international support for UN peacekeeping, symbolized by the Nobel Peace Prize of 1988, appears to be at an all-time high. However, unless solutions are found to three unresolved peacekeeping problems–financing, management, and peacemaking–the current optimism about the UN could sour. The United States is urged to take advantage of this unique chance to improve the peace process by acting quickly to address these problems. The book includes a map and a chronology of current peacekeeping operations, excerpts from the UN… [PDF]

Kulbaga, Theresa A. (2008). Pleasurable Pedagogies: \Reading Lolita in Tehran\ and the Rhetoric of Empathy. College English, v70 n5 p506-521 May. In her audio essay for the the National Public Radio's series \This I Believe,\ Iranian-American author and professor Azar Nafisi celebrates the affective power of empathy. In the essay, Nafisi refers to actual people in Darfur, Afghanistan, Iraq, Algeria, Rwanda, and North Korea, but she turns to classic nineteenth-century American novel to provide her exemplary hero, Huckleberry Finn, who chooses not to turn in his friend, Jim, a runaway slave, despite social and religious pressure to do. Although Huck Finn does not play a prominent role in her bestselling book, \Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books,\ other famous characters from American and British literature do loom large, as does her argument about the privileged relationship between empathy and fiction. In this article, the author discusses \Reading Lolita in Tehran\ with Nafisi's audio essay in order to highlight the entanglements of consumer culture with self-representational practices and affective and \ethical… [Direct]

Bechhoefer, William B. (1977). Architectural Education in Developing Nations: Case Studies in Tunisia and Afghanistan. Journal of Architectural Education, 30, 4, 19-22, Apr 77. Both countries have taken western models for their approach to architectural education. The responsibility that accompanies the imposition of a foreign system is to recognize local variations from the model and to evolve programs and curricula responsive to the situation. (Author/LBH)…

Irwin, Wallace, Jr., Ed.; And Others (1980). American Foreign Policy for the '80s: A Voter's Guide to the Facts and Issues. The purpose of this guide is to provide voters, officeholders, and candidates with background information on major foreign policy issues so that they can follow the 1980 presidential debates and reach their own informed conclusions. Thirteen major foreign policy topics are covered. The material is written in telegraphic style to get the essential information into a limited space. All facts have been carefully researched and the approach is strictly impartial and nonpartisan. Each topic includes a section tracing administration policy and concludes by presenting alternatives to present policy, with main arguments pro and con. A few additional readings are listed for each subject. Topics treated are: Leadership: President vs. Congress; U.S. Defense Policy; International Terrorism; Energy: U.S. Dependence on Foreign Oil; Trade and the Dollar; The UN and Third-World Development; Southern Africa; China and Taiwan; Cambodia, Vietnam and the Refugee Crisis; The Caribbean and Central…

Saltman, Kenneth J. (2006). Creative Associates International: Corporate Education and "Democracy Promotion" in Iraq. Review of Education, Pedagogy & Cultural Studies, v28 n1 p25-65 Jan. This article illustrates how global corporate education initiatives, though profit-motivated, sometimes function both as an instrument of foreign policy and as a manifestation of a broader imperial project. According to neoconservative scholars, as well as their critics, the events of September 11, 2001, allowed the implementation of pre-made plans to radically reshape the United States National Security Strategy to pursue more aggressively and openly global military and economic dominance, and to force any and all nations to submit to a singular set of American values. With the declaration of military response, the United States invaded Afghanistan (in 2001) and then Iraq (in 2003), in part, on the justification that these were fronts in the so-called "War on Terror." Following both invasions, the United States, through the Agency for International Development (USAID), contracted with a private for-profit corporation, Creative Associates International Incorporated (CAII),… [Direct]

Goldson, Edward (1996). The Effect of War on Children. Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal, v20 n9 p809-19 Sep. This paper discusses the effects of modern war on children in the 20th century, focusing on direct and indirect effects of World War II, Vietnam War, war in Afghanistan, conflicts in Africa and in Central America, and Persian Gulf War. The paper notes the devastating effects on children of disruption of education and other public services in conflicts where social infrastructures become targets. (CR)…

(1999). A Global Perspective on Virtual Reality. Grade Levels 9-12. Technology in the Classroom. This activity packet addresses technology in the classroom, specifically using the Internet. It presents three activities that use the Internet as a resource: (1) \Whose Point of View\ (the transfer of Hong Kong to Chinese control); (2) \Where to Look\ (an earthquake in Afghanistan); and (3) \Research Project: The Pros and Cons of Free Trade.\ Each activity lists student objectives, materials needed, and procedures. Includes two worksheets. (BT)… [PDF]

(1975). Education in Asia: Reviews, Reports, and Notes. Number 8. Reports on education in Thailand, Afghanistan, and the Philippines and reviews and reports of recent documents selected from the collection of the Unesco Regional Office for Education in Asia comprise this document. The first report, concerning educational reform in Thailand, presents recommendations of a governmental committee on curriculum, methods, administration, and equality. Afghanistan's attempts to increase opportunities for lifelong education, training, and literacy are described in the second report, followed by a discussion of national examinations for university admission in the Philippines. Reviews of recent publications on the following topics are presented: (1) social and educational reform in India; (2) science education in the Philippines; (3) the role of the university in Southeast Asia; (4) population and education in India; (5) rural development; (6) technical education in Bangladesh; (7) educational studies in the Republic of Korea; (8) education and development… [PDF]

Glassman, Eugene H. (1971). A Short Course in Conversational Dari. This intensive language course in Dari, also known as Farsi or Persian, was originally prepared for medical workers of the International Afghan Mission. This course in Dari, one of the two official languages of Afghanistan, normally requires 10 days' study in a concentrated program. Principal instructional objectives are development of oral comprehension and speaking skills. Forty-four sections treating Dari script, grammar, and cultural materials are included. (Several pages may be light.) (RL)…

Saraf, S. N. (1975). Human Resources Development Through Literacy in Afghanistan. Functional Literacy Project of Pacca. Indian Journal of Adult Education, 36, 6, 13-4, Jun 75. …

Kazemek, Francis E. (1996). The Literature of Vietnam and Afghanistan: Exploring War and Peace with Adolescents. ALAN Review, v23 n3 p6-9 Spr. Addresses ways of developing a curriculum of caring that helps students connect themselves to others in ever-widening circles of understanding. Describes how, through reading and discussing Walter Dean Myers'"Fallen Angels" and Oleg Yermakov's "Afghan Tales: Stories from Russia's Vietnam," students come to see two unpopular wars as having much in common, including the pain returning soldiers suffered. (RS)…

Miller, Norman N., Ed.; Spitzer, Manon L., Ed. (1978). Faces of Change. Five Rural Societies in Transition: Bolivia, Kenya, Afghanistan, Taiwan, China Coast. The multidisciplinary film project focuses attention on what is happening to rural populations of the world, particularly among developing countries. The roles of women, education, social and economic systems, and the effects of modernization on values are themes explored in each of five rural settings–Bolivian highlands, northern Kenya, northern Afghanistan, Taiwan, and the Soko Islands off the China coast. The project draws upon visual evidence of people at work and play, in social, economic, and political roles, as individuals and in groups. The program features 26 films designed for use in college classes and an accompanying text which contains sets of essays which complement the films. The instructional materials are arranged in a format which covers the five cultures and five themes listed above. A film link symbol in the text indicates a direct relationship to a scene in the film, and the designation "film dialogue" is used to indicate direct quotations from the… [PDF]

(1975). Biomedical Social Science, Unit II: Health, Culture and Environment. Student Text, Part Two: Aq Kupruk. Revised Version, 1975. This student text presents instructional materials for a unit of social science within the Biomedical Interdisciplinary Curriculum Project (BICP), a two-year interdisciplinary precollege curriculum aimed at preparing high school students for entry into college and vocational programs leading to a career in the health field. This particular unit deals with world cultures and their relationship to health and environment. Reading, illustrations, and activities are presented that deal with the social structure of Afghanistan. (CS)… [PDF]

Kanstroom, Emily (2007). Justifying Torture: Explaining Democratic States' Noncompliance with International Humanitarian Law. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, v14 p51-95 Mar. On June 28, 1951, France ratified the 1949 Geneva Conventions, which prohibited the torture of prisoners of war. On August 2, 1955, the United States of America ratified the same document. Between 1954 and 1962, France fought a war against Algeria, which sought its independence from colonial rule. From September 11, 2001 until the present, the United States has been engaged in what its government has termed "The Global War on Terror," which has involved wars in Afghanistan, Iraq and holding detainees for interrogation at Guantanamo Bay. Although the two cases must be distinguished from one another based on different situational, ideological, and historical characteristics, there are critical commonalities. This study focuses on two distinct research questions: first, what explains the rationale by which France and the United States, two democratic states, violated international and domestic law by torturing prisoners of war? Second, how did these two states justify this… [PDF] [PDF]

Ghaussi, Mohammad Aref (1968). Criteria for Appraising Educational Planning in Underdeveloped Countries (With Examples from the Experience of Afghanistan). IIEP Occasional Papers No. 1. This paper discusses some of the factors affecting educational planning in underdeveloped countries and attempts to identify and formulate evaluation criteria suitable for appraising educational planning in such countries. Although the analytical framework proposed is applicable to any country, it is designed specifically for use where lack of data and shortage of qualified planners make it impossible to apply sophisticated mathematical models that demand the analysis of detailed statistics. To illustrate the discussion, the author makes frequent use of examples drawn from his experience with the use of educational planning for the first and second levels of education in Afghanistan. (JG)… [PDF]

Benavot, Aaron (2010). International Aid to Education. Comparative Education Review, v54 n1 p105-124 Feb. Recent evidence highlights several worrisome trends regarding aid pledges and disbursements, which have been exacerbated by the global financial crisis. First, while overall development assistance rose in 2008, after 2 years of decline, the share of all sector aid going to the education sector has remained virtually unchanged at about 12 percent since 2000. By contrast, aid to the health sector increased in the 2000-2008 period from 11 percent to 17 percent. Second, members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Committee (DAC) disbursed approximately US$10.8 billion of overall aid to education in 2007, up from US$5.2 billion in 2002. However, the share of aid going to basic education declined from 41 percent to 38 percent during the same period. Third, the number of donors providing aid to education is concentrated among a small group of donors: only five donors account for over 60 percent of all aid commitments to basic education…. [Direct]